Table I:
Comparison of selected published GFC experiments. Note that not all experiments were conducted in biologically representative environments.
| Test Environment | Anode | Cathode | Open Circuit Voltage (V) | Power Density (μW/cm2) | Voltage Retention (time) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In vitro (Glucose in phosphate-buffered saline) | Pt | Pt | 0.09 | 43 | 100% (140 h) | Simons, 2022[43] |
| In vitro (glucose solution) | Pt | - | 0.21 | 0.42 | 100% (70 h) | Do, 2019[44] |
| In vitro (human blood) | GOx Peroxidase Hydrophilic MAF-7 | BOx | 0.34 | 119 | 96% (15 h) | Yimamumaimaiti, 2020[34] |
| In vivo (cockroach) | GOX Trehalase (Tre) | BOx | 0.2 | 55 | 95% (2.5 h) | Rasmussen, 2012[20] |
| In vitro (soda) | Rhodium Nanozyme | BOx | 135 | 88% (2.78 h) | Zhao, 2023[46] | |
| In vitro (glucose solution) | Pt-Au | - | 0.34 | 95700 | 72.6% (3 h) | Torigoe, 2018[42] |
| In vivo (rat) | GOx Catalase Graphite Ubiquinone | Graphite Quinone Hydroquinone Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO) | 0.275 | - | 70% (2.5 h) | Cinquin, 2010[22] |
| In vivo (mouse) | GOx | BOx | 0.34 | 300 | 55% (5 days) | Lee. 2020[26] |
| In vitro (human serum) | NAD-GDH | BOx | 0.73 | 53.9 | 54% (7 days) | Gao, 2007[47] |
| In vivo (clam) | PQQ-GDH | Laccase | 0.4 | 40 | 50% (48 h) | Szczupak, 2012[21] |
| In vitro (human blood) | PAC-GDH (gold electrode with polyaniline, AuNP, cysteamine, and PQQ-GDH) | - | 0.1 | 65 | 50% (4.5 h) | Gineitytė, 2019[39] |
| In vitro (human serum) | CDH | BOx | 0.58 | 4 | 50% (2 h) | Coman, 2010[40] |
| In vitro (human blood) | CDH | Box | 0.65 | 3 | 50% (2 h) | Wang, 2012[41] |
| In vivo (rat) | CDH | Box | 0.4 | 2 | 50% (2 h) | Andoralov, 2013[23] |
| In vivo (snail) | PQQ-GDH | Laccase | 0.53 | 30 | 50% (0.2 h) | Halámková, 2012[18] |
| In vitro | GOx | Laccase | 0.075 | 0.196 | 48.6% (40 days) | Rewatkar, 2020[36] |
| In vitro (human blood) | PQQ-GDH | BOx | 0.65 | 68.1 | 25% (3 h) | Cadet, 2016[38] |
| In vitro (human serum) | FAD-GDH | BOx | 0.56 | 40.3 | 24% (13 h) | Milton, 2015[48] |
| In vivo (lobster) | PQQ-GDH | Laccase | 0.6 | 640 | - | MacVittie, 2012[19] |
| In vivo (rat) | PQQ-GDH | Laccase | 0.14 | 0.175 | - | Castorena-Gonzalez, 2013[24] |
| In vivo (rat) | GOx | Laccase | 0.57 | 193.5 | - | Zebda, 2013[25] |
| In vivo (orange) | PQQ-GDH FAD-dependent Fructose Dehydrogenase (FAD-FDH) | Laccase | 0.6 | 90 | - | MacVittie, 2015[27] |
| In vitro (Phosphate buffer w/ 0.05mol/l of glucose) | GOx Catalase | Laccase | 0.95 | 1,300 | - | Zebda, 2011[35] |