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. 2025 Jul 30;15(7):e094880. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094880

Table 1. Description of SPAN strategies for addressing selected risk factor modules.

SPAN strategy Approach for addressing selected modules
Medical Visiting usual doctor and following their advice (doctors fee may apply/Medicare)
Flexible Taking part in free facilitated sessions to address risk factor online/in the local community/at hospital site
Home-based Participating in a home-based programme to address risk factor supported by the site personalised rehabilitation co-ordinator
Self-directed Managing own risk factors with or without support of personalised rehabilitation co-ordinator

SPAN strategies for addressing the selected modules of the personalised cardiac rehabilitation modules (lowering blood pressure, reducing LDL cholesterol levels, increasing activity levels and quitting smoking).

LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SPAN, secondary prevention for all in need.