Table 2.

Flow cytometric analysis of immune cell subsets in the peripheral blood of the patient

Subset	Marker	Age (year)	Patient	Healthy control (n = 3)	Reference rangesb
CD19+ B (% of lymphocytes)	CD19+	11.0	13.60	8.13/14.50/7.48	9.19–19.48
		12.1	8.42 ↓a	8.82/11.70/10.50
		12.8	7.17 ↓	9.68/13.00/13.50
CD19+ CD20+ B (% of lymphocytes)	CD19+ CD20+	11.0	13.00 ↑a	7.49/6.42/7.26
		12.1	8.19 ↓	8.54/11.40/10.30
		12.8	6.91 ↓	9.52/13.00/12.80
Transitional B (% of CD19+ CD20+ B)	CD19+ CD20+ CD27− CD24hi CD38hi	11.0	4.13	4.64/7.00/0.47	1.75–10.30
		12.1	9.66	2.78/3.04/4.74
		12.8	10.10	1.92/13.60/3.91
Early Transitional B (% of CD19+ CD20+ B)	CD19+ CD20+ CD27− CD21low	11.0	6.94 ↓	9.55/10.90/9.82
		12.1	15.50 ↑	3.34/2.11/4.83
		12.8	11. 30 ↑	2.37/9.97/3.25
Late Transitional B (% of CD19+ CD20+ B)	CD19+ CD20+ CD27− CD21+	11.0	87.60 ↑	70.80/80.40/80.30
		12.1	73.00	66.60/75.70/73.70
		12.8	80.40 ↑	71.13/61.60/72.20
Naïve B (of CD19+ CD20+ B)	CD19+ CD20+ CD27− IgM+ IgDhi	11.0	92.30 ↑	64.30/78.50/73.40	51.84–77.61
		12.1	82.10 ↑	68.10/75.00/72.70
		12.8	90.60 ↑	69.50/68.70/70.90
Memory B (% of CD19+ CD20+ B)	CD19+CD20+CD27+IgD−	11.0	2.01 ↓	16.60/5.21/9.69	8.96–24.09
		12.1	4.71 ↓	17.40/13.80/15.80
		12.8	1.25 ↓	12.20/10.40/12.70
Switched memory B (% of CD19+ CD20+ B)	CD19+ CD20+ CD27+ CD38low IgM− IgD−	11.0	1.56 ↓	13.90/4.45/8.07
		12.1	3.49 ↓	14.00/11.60/14.70
		12.8	1.00 ↓	11.20/9.61/11.50
IgM Memory B (% of CD19+ CD20+ B)	CD19+ CD20+ CD27+ IgMhi	11.0	5.56 ↑	4.71/2.72/4.41
		12.1	3.33 ↓	11.40/6.31/3.95
		12.8	5.24 ↓	7.04/9.29/6.21
IgG Memory B (% of CD19+ CD20+ B)	CD19+ CD20+ CD27+ IgG+	11.0	1.70 ↓	7.37/2.72/5.37
		12.1	1.04 ↓	4.87/1.77/4.00
		12.8	0.54 ↓	4.79/4.77/4.50
Plasmablasts (% of CD19+ B)	CD19+ CD38hi CD27hi CD24−	11.0	1.61	3.66/3.27/0.68	0.70–5.67
		12.1	1.05	2.04/0.98/1.31
		12.8	1.59	1.29/2.19/2.97
DNB (% of CD19+ B)	CD19+ CD27− IgD−	11.0	4.29 ↓	7.57/13.70/9.10
		12.1	6.23 ↑	2.61/3.42/3.42
		12.8	6.83	6.84/4.45/6.24
CD21low B (% of CD19+ B)	CD19+ CD21low CD38low	11.0	4.00 ↓	7.30/6.05/4.69
		12.1	6.73 ↑	3.65/4.01/3.27
		12.8	5.13 ↓	5.94/9.09/8.59
CD3+ T (% of lymphocytes)	CD3+	11.0	57.30	76.10/44.80/48.40	57.10–73.43
		12.1	64.80	60.00/66.30/69.10
		12.8	57.10	65.20/43.50/74.10
CD4+ T (% of lymphocytes)	CD3+ CD4+ CD8−	11.0	16.40 ↓	53.00/23.00/21.80	24.00–38.72
		12.1	19.80 ↓	30.30/45.20/37.30
		12.8	14.00 ↓	44.10/26.80/39.20
CD4 naïve T (% of CD4+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CCR7+ CD45RA+	11.0	27.60 ↓	73.20/42.40/44.20	39.72–69.59
		12.1	38.40 ↓	47.20/63.50/51.10
		12.8	34.50 ↓	35.80/64.50/72.00
CD4 TCM (% of CD4+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CCR7+ CD45RA−	11.0	54.70 ↑	20.00/51.90/51.10	24.24–52.73
		12.1	37.10	23.40/22.40/36.80
		12.8	22.60 ↓	30.10/19.90/16.30
CD4 TEM (% of CD4+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CCR7− CD45RA−	11.0	15.70 ↑	3.52/4.42/3.74	3.40-11.17
		12.1	26.30 ↑	17.60/13.60/12.90
		12.8	37.90 ↑	26.80/13.80/9.62
CD4 TEMRA (% of CD4+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CCR7− CD45RA+	11.0	1.94 ↑	3.28/1.33/0.99	0.10–1.29
		12.1	1.86 ↑	9.39/0.58/0.51
		12.8	5.06 ↑	7.28/1.87/2.02
Treg (% of CD4+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CD25hi CD127low	11.0	0.28 ↓	0.52/0.64/0.49
		12.1	0.73 ↓	1.06/0.88/0.98
		12.8	0.13 ↓	0.82/0.38/0.17
CD8 T (% of lymphocytes)	CD3+ CD4− CD8+	11.0	29.40	17.30/16.00/15.20	21.01–33.94
		12.1	34.00 ↑	28.10/19.90/30.10
		12.8	35.10 ↑	14.40/20.20/30.60
CD8 naïve T (% of CD8+ T)	CD3+ CD8+ CCR7+ CD45RA+	11.0	23.60 ↓	81.80/66.30. 63.50	41.41–73.04
		12.1	9.10 ↓	49.20/37.00/67.30
		12.8	11.00 ↓	35.90/50.30/71.70
CD8 TCM (% of CD8+ T)	CD3+ CD8+ CCR7+ CD45RA−	11.0	38.00 ↑	6.65/21.30/23.50	13.21–37.89
		12.1	74.60 ↑	17.90/35.00/19.20
		12.8	68.60 ↑	50.40/29.00/17.10
CD8 TEM (% of CD8+ T)	CD3+ CD8+ CCR7− CD45RA−	11.0	32.30 ↑	5.35/7.45/9.48	1.53–15.39
		12.1	2.12	1.66/2.37/5.26
		12.8	1.75	6.89/1.57/1.87
CD8 TEMRA (% of CD8+ T)	CD3+ CD8+ CCR7− CD45RA+	11.0	5.99	6.24/4.99/3.54	2.01–21.65
		12.1	14.10	31.20/25.70/8.20
		12.8	18.70	6.83/19.20/10.00
Th1 (% of CD3+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CD45RA− CXCR5− CXCR3+ CCR6− CCR4−	11.0	1.82	1.65/2.85/2.07
		12.1	7.81 ↓	11.60/11.40/12.30
		12.8	1.06 ↑	0.58/0.63/0.23
Th2 (% of CD3+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CD45RA− CXCR5− CXCR3− CCR6− CCR4+	11.0	8.93 ↑	6.92/5.28/4.18
		12.1	0.60	0.68/0.37/1.00
		12.8	0.80 ↓	2.59/4.40/0.87
Th17 (% of CD3+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CD45RA− CXCR5− CXCR3− CCR6+ CCR4−	11.0	0.61 ↓	0.95/0.68/0.71
		12.1	2.52	1.76/3.51/3.52
		12.8	1.14 ↓	4.60/2.72/1.41
Tfh (% of CD3+ T)	CD3+ CD4+ CD45RA− CXCR5+ CXCR3− CCR6− CCR4−	11.0	0.64 ↓	1.16/0.94/0.72
		12.1	4.05 ↓	6.05/5.88/5.88
		12.8	3.00	5.34/4.21/2.60
NK (% of lymphocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− CD16+ CD56+	11.0	8.28 ↓	5.62/12.10/15.10	10.01–26.98
		12.1	5.18 ↓	7.03/12.00/24.10
		12.8	11.60	8.29/10.00/10.90
CD56bri CD16neg NK (% of lymphocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− CD16neg CD56bri	11.0	0.15 ↓	0.46/0.83/0.29
		12.1	0.12 ↓	0.47/0.71/0.69
		12.8	0.042	0.059/0.17/0.013
CD56dim CD16bri NK (% of lymphocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− CD16bri CD56dim	11.0	8.58	5.55/11.90/15.20
		12.1	2.57 ↓	6.61/11.10/24.10
		12.8	11.20	6.75/9.72/10.50
CD56dim CD16neg NK (% of lymphocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− CD16neg CD56dim	11.0	0.43 ↓	6.36/0.96/1.93
		12.1	0.094 ↓	0.42/0.42/0.52
		12.8	0.69	1.20/1.98/0.48
CD56neg CD16bri NK (% of lymphocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− CD16bri CD56neg	11.0	15.20 ↑	0.58/1.14/0.96
		12.1	14.70 ↑	2.22/1.19/1.69
		12.8	4.80 ↑	0.56/1.33/0.44
DCs (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− HLADR+	11.0	0.84	0.69/1.27/0.50
		12.1	0.87 ↓	2.44/2.06/1.62
		12.8	1.08 ↑	0.81/0.74/1.01
mDCs (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− HLADR+ CD11c+ CD123−	11.0	0.42	0.33/0.69/0.27
		12.1	0.45	1.61/0.22/1.12
		12.8	0.60	0.53/0.49/0.65
pDCs (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− HLADR+ CD11c− CD123+	11.0	0.036 ↓	0.13/0.14/0.13
		12.1	0.11	0.046/0.16/0.21
		12.8	0.056	0.040/0.18/0.13
Monocytes (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14+	11.0	1.94	1.85/2.28/1.51
		12.1	3.03	4.20/3.89/1.17
		12.8	5.07 ↑	3.17/4.75/2.23
Classical Monocytes (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14+ CD16− HLADR+	11.0	1.55	1.47/2.16/1.25
		12.1	2.87	4.08/3.84/1.15
		12.8	4.13 ↑	1.30/1.26/1.65
Non-classical Monocytes (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14+ CD16+ HLADR+	11.0	0.33 ↑	0.28/0.082/0.21
		12.1	0.11 ↑	0.084/0.050/0.017
		12.8	0.31 ↑	0.13/0.12/0.11
MDSCs (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14+ CD16− HLADR−	11.0	0.02	0.081/0.025/0.0082
		12.1	0.023 ↑	0.014/0/0
		12.8	0.044 ↓	0.23/1.95/0.10
Granulocytes (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14+ CD56− HLADR−	11.0	41.80 ↑	39.10/31.90/33.60
		12.1	26.40	23.70/24.50/32.60
		12.8	27.80	38.70/31.40/23.40
Basophil (% of leukocytes)	CD3− CD20− CD14− CD56− HLADR− CD123+	11.0	0.57 ↓	2.03/1.27/1.54
		12.1	3.22 ↓	3.94/5.13/5.11
		12.8	1.90	2.15/2.07/0.83

^a ↑ and ↓ indicate values above and below the reference range, respectively, or compared to HCs when the reference range is unavailable

^b Reference ranges are derived from published literature [24]