Table 2.
Mean effect size analysis of included studies.
| Model | Reference | Statistics for each study | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | CI | Z-value | p-value | ||
| Cardona-Rincón et al. (38) | 3.926 | 2.369–6.505 | 5.307 | 0.000 | |
| Antohi et al. (39) | 0.000 | 0.000–0.001 | −9.654 | 0.000 | |
| Jin et al. (26) | 5.183 | 1.347–19.939 | 2.394 | 0.017 | |
| Wu et al. (40) | 1.030 | 0.226–4.689 | 0.038 | 0.970 | |
| Jia et al. (41) | 49.013 | 18.071–132.938 | 7.645 | 0.000 | |
| Nocturne et al. (42) | 23.767 | 19.349–29.193 | 30.197 | 0.000 | |
| Wang et al. (43) | 5.837 | 2.909–11.713 | 4.965 | 0.000 | |
| Seror et al. (44) | 15.030 | 11.803–19.139 | 21.978 | 0.000 | |
| Daoussis et al. (45) | 0.002 | 0.001–0.006 | −10.603 | 0.000 | |
| Fassio et al. (46) | 8.464 | 3.191–22.449 | 4.291 | 0.000 | |
| Świerkot et al. (47) | 13.420 | 3.440–52.360 | 3.739 | 0.000 | |
| Rossini et al. (48) | 9.071 | 5.695–14.447 | 9.285 | 0.000 | |
| Choi et al. (49) | 7.731 | 3.798–15.733 | 5.641 | 0.000 | |
| Long et al. (50) | 5.995 | 3.135–11.463 | 5.415 | 0.000 | |
| Voorzanger-Rousselot et al. (51) | 6.719 | 3.534–12.774 | 5.811 | 0.000 | |
| Random | 2.694 | 1.170–6.203 | 2.329 | 0.020 | |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.