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. 2025 Aug 3;15:28315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12631-1

Table 4.

The differences in the mean levels of vitamins and trace elements between patients with Celiac disease and healthy controls.

Micronutrients CeD Controls P value Micronutrients CeD Controls P value
Vit A 212.1 ± 101.3 276.1 ± 124.5 0.001** Vit B9 2.68 ± 2.52 2.37 ± 2.40 0.6027
Vit D 11.41 ± 5.2 11.9 ± 4.7 0.3588 Vit B12 0.40 ± 0.25 0.39 ± 0.14 0.2945
Vit D2 1.28 ± 2.15 0.75 ± 0.89 0.1029 Vit C 2.10 ± 1.19 1.80 ± 1.16 0.4634
Vit D3 9.61 ± 5.08 10.71 ± 4.98 1.1294 Iron 5.46 ± 0.75 5.82 ± 0.70 0.0131*
Vit E 6.30 ± 3.10 8.27 ± 3.53 0.0016** Copper 11.23 ± 2.96 12.04 ± 2.96 0.1339
Vit K1 0.44 ± 0.39 0.38 ± 0.25 0.6651 Zinc 69.77 ± 6.45 73.27 ± 9.92 0.0276*
Vit K2(mk4) 0.23 ± 0.18 0.29 ± 0.15 0.0263* Selenium 110.8 ± 11.2 115.9 ± 16.53 0.0829
Vit K2(mk7) 0.56 ± 0.53 0.80 ± 0.79 0.0021** Molybdenum 0.27 ± 0.42 0.32 ± 0.36 0.2238
Vit B1 1.99 ± 1.16 2.17 ± 0.82 0.1116 Lead 12.75 ± 6.41 13.88 ± 6.93 0.3008
Vit B2 10.87 ± 5.01 12.07 ± 8.04 0.6489 Magnesium 1.31 ± 0.19 1.36 ± 0.17 0.1344
Vit B3 84.20 ± 21.32 74.11 ± 20.17 0.0128* Calcium 1.38 ± 0.22 1.42 ± 0.19 0.2728
Vit B5 45.92 ± 17.15 50.01 ± 16.13 0.1414 Chromium 5.04 ± 1.65 4.16 ± 1.49 0.0012**
Vit B6 2.87 ± 1.28 3.58 ± 1.97 0.0317 Manganese 13.48 ± 6.20 11.71 ± 4.92 0.0717
Vit B7 0.30 ± 0.31 0.56 ± 0.90 0.0018**

Vit vitamin, Data are mean ± s.d. *P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 t test, Wilcoxon test and The chi-square test as appropriate.