Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 3;15:28315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12631-1

Table 5.

The differences in the rates of vitamin and trace element deficiency and excess between patients with Celiac disease and the healthy control group:.

Micronutrients Deficiency rate in CeD Deficiency rate in controls P value Excess rate in CeD Excess rate in controls P value
Vit A 51(86%) 39(66%) 0.0268* 0 0 ns
Vit D 56(95%) 55(93%) > 0.9999 0 0 ns
Vit D2 59(100%) 59(100%) ns
Vit D3 55(93%) 55(93%) > 0.9999 0 0 ns
Vit E 18(31%) 7(12%) 0.023* 0 0 ns
Vit K1 5(8%) 2(3%) 0.4387 1(2%) 0 > 0.9999
Vit K2(mk4) 5(8%) 3(5%) 0.7168 0 0 ns
Vit K2(mk7) 16(27%) 3(5%) 0.0021** 0 1(2%) > 0.9999
Vit B1 42(71) 39(66) 0.6918 0 0 ns
Vit B2 0 0 ns 10(17%) 11(19%) > 0.9999
Vit B3 0 0 ns 44(75%) 30(51%) 0.0129*
Vit B5 0 0 ns 0 0 ns
Vit B6 15(25%) 10(17%) 0.3678 0 0 ns
Vit B7 0 0 ns 2(3%) 6(10%) 0.2719
Vit B9 46(78%) 52(88%) 0.2193 0 0 ns
Vit B12 2(3%) 0 0.4957 2(3%) 0 0.4967
Vit C 28(47%) 30(51%) 0.8628 0 0 ns
iron 6(10%) 3(5%) 0.4905 0 0 ns
copper 2(3%) 2(3%) 0.4957 0 0 ns
zinc 7(12%) 3(5%) 0.322 0 0 ns
selenium 0 1(2%) > 0.9999 0 0 ns
molybdenum 0 0 ns 0 0 ns
lead 0 0 ns 0 0 ns
magnesium 4(7%) 2(3%) 0.6793 0 0 ns
calcium 3(5%) 0 0.2436 0 0 ns
chromium 0 0 ns 0 0 ns
manganese 0 0 ns 0 0 ns

Vit vitamin; Data are mean ± s.d. *P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 t test, Wilcoxon test and The chi-square test as appropriate.