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. 2025 Aug 3;15:28315. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-12631-1

Table 8.

Differences in vitamin levels between patients with gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal CeD.

Micronutrients gastrointestinal
(n = 23)
extra-intestinal(n = 36) P value
Vitamin A 166.7 ± 75.15 241.0 ± 106.0 0.005**
Vitamin D 10.4 ± 5.11 11.99 ± 5.31 0.1703
Vitamin D2 1.22 ± 2.22 1.32 ± 2.13 0.7142
Vitamin D3 9.87 ± 5.03 9.44 ± 5.17 0.7027
Vitamin E 5.49 ± 2.76 6.81 ± 3.23 0.1108
Vitamin K1 0.44 ± 0.37 0.44 ± 0.41 0.9600
Vitamin K2 0.18 ± 0.10 0.26 ± 0.21 0.2377
Vitamin K2 0.66 ± 0.76 0.50 ± 0.30 0.9232
Vitamin B1 1.81 ± 0.98 2.10 ± 1.26 0.2738
Vitamin B2 11.53 ± 6.41 10.45 ± 3.92 0.9816
Vitamin B3 83.65 ± 20.19 84.55 ± 22.28 0.8753
Vitamin B5 47.85 ± 17.62 44.69 ± 16.97 0.4470
Vitamin B6 2.48 ± 0.86 3.13 ± 1.44 0.1505
Vitamin B7 0.33 ± 0.22 0.28 ± 0.36 0.0939
Vitamin B9 2.56 ± 2.06 2.76 ± 2.81 0.8300
Vitamin B12 0.43 ± 0.25 0.39 ± 0.25 0.2839
Vitamin C 1.95 ± 1.35 2.19 ± 1.08 0.1482
iron 5.43 ± 0.64 5.46 ± 0.85 0.8640
copper 11.36 ± 2.73 11.14 = 3.14 0.7793
zinc 68.46 ± 6.75 70.61 = 6.21 0.3169
selenium 109.7 ± 10.46 111.6 ± 11.72 0.7143
molybdenum 0.29 ± 0.38 0.27 ± 0.45 0.7604
lead 13.71 ± 5.04 12.14 ± 7.14 0.1107
magnesium 1.35 ± 0.21 1.29 ± 0.17 0.4894
calcium 1.39 ± 0.22 1.37 ± 0.22 0.7961
chromium 5.31 ± 1.88 4.87 ± 1.40 0.3234
manganese 13.5 ± 7.38 13.47 ± 5.33 0.5973

Data are mean ± s.d. *P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; t test or Wilcoxon.