Table 2.
Bivariate Analyses of Tobacco Use Factors Associated with Smoke-free Home Adoption Attemptsa Among Participants in the Smoke-Free Home Study.
| Smoke-Free Home Attempt |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | No | Yes | P | |
| Enrolled participants | 400 | 261 (65.25) | 139 (34.8) | |
| Cigarette frequency (N, %) | ||||
| Someday | 23 (5.8) | 8 (3.1) | 15 (10.8) | 0.002 |
| Everyday | 377 (94.3) | 253 (96.9) | 124 (89.2) | |
| Cigarettes smoked per day (mean, SD) | 11.1 (7.5) | 11.9 (8.0) | 9.6 (6.2) | 0.002 |
| Time to first cigarette after waking (N, %) | ||||
| Within 5 min | 156 (39.0) | 119 (45.6) | 37 (26.6) | < 0.001 |
| 6–30 min | 118 (29.5) | 67 (25.7) | 51 (36.7) | |
| 31–60 min | 55 (13.8) | 39 (14.9) | 16 (11.5) | |
| After 60 min | 71 (17.8) | 36 (13.8) | 35 (25.2) | |
| Intention to quit (N, %) | ||||
| I never expect to quit | 61 (15.3) | 50 (19.2) | 11 (7.9) | 0.012 |
| I may quit | 258 (64.5) | 165 (63.2) | 93 (66.9) | |
| I will quit in the next 6 months | 68 (17.0) | 40 (15.3) | 28 (20.1) | |
| I will quit in the next month | 13 (3.3) | 6 (2.3) | 7 (5.0) | |
| Advised to quit by a healthcare provider in past 12-months (N, %) |
194 (48.5) | 126 (48.3) | 68 (48.9) | 0.902 |
| Had a past 12 months quit attempt (N, %) | 206 (51.5) | 117 (44.8) | 89 (64.0) | < 0.001 |
| Products, methods or resources used to stop smoking (N, %) |
||||
| Cold turkey | 123 (59.7) | 72 (61.5) | 51 (57.3) | 0.539 |
| NRT or non-NRT smoking cessation medications | 48 (23.3) | 27 (23.1) | 21 (23.6) | 0.931 |
| Use of other tobacco products | ||||
| Dual tobacco product use (N, %)b | 123 (30.8) | 77 (29.5) | 46 (33.1) | 0.459 |
| Poly tobacco product use (N, %)c | 72 (18.0) | 43 (16.5) | 29 (20.9) | 0.277 |
| E-cigarettes | ||||
| Used in the past 30 days (N, %) | 77 (19.2) | 39 (14.9) | 38 (27.3) | 0.003 |
| Number of days used in the past 30 days (median, IQR) | 7 (3, 20) | 7 (3, 30) | 6.5 (3, 15) | 0.719 |
| Ways participants use their e-cigarette | ||||
| Continuously throughout the day | 21 (27.8) | 14 (35.9) | 7 (18.4) | 0.173 |
| Distinct bouts shorter than smoking cigarettes | 26 (33.8) | 9 (23.1) | 17 (44.7) | |
| Distinct bouts similar to smoking cigarettes | 20 (26.0) | 11 (28.2) | 9 (23.7) | |
| Other | 10 (13.0) | 5 (12.8) | 5 (13.2) | |
| Daily use (people who used every day in past 30 days). (N, %) |
18 (23.4) | 10 (25.6) | 8 (21.1) | 0.634 |
| Blunts | ||||
| Used in the past 30 days (N, %) | 133 (33.3) | 84 (32.2) | 49 (36.0) | 0.441 |
| Number of days used in the past 30 days (median, IQR) | 8 (2, 29) | 7.5 (2, 29.5) | 10 (2, 20) | 0.890 |
| Daily use (every day in past 30 days) (N, %) | 32 (24.1) | 21 (25.0) | 11 (22.4) | 0.740 |
| Cigars | ||||
| Used in the past 30 days (N, %) | 63 (15.8) | 42 (16.1) | 21 (15.1) | 0.797 |
| Number of days used in the past 30 days (median, IQR) | 4 (1, 20) | 7 (3, 20) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.028 |
| Daily use (every day in past 30 days) (N, %) | 14 (22.2) | 10 (23.8) | 4 (19.1) | 0.668 |
| Smokeless tobacco | ||||
| Used in the past 30 days (N, %) | 7 (1.8) | 6 (2.3) | 1 (0.7) | 0.250 |
| Number of days used in the past 30 days (median, IQR) | 2 (1, 15) | 2 (1, 15) | 3 (3, 3) | 0.611 |
| Daily use (every day in past 30 days) (N, %) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ---d |
| Hookah | ||||
| Used in the past 30 days (N, %) | 5 (1.3) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (2.2) | 0.229 |
| Number of days used in the past 30 days (median, IQR) | 4 (2, 15) | 22.5 (15, 30) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.039 |
| Daily use (every day in past 30 days) (N, %) | 1 (20) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | ---d |
Note
P-values are based on bivariate analyses comparing people who had a smoke-free home adoption attempt versus those who did not. Continuous variables were compared using t-tests, Pearson correlation, or corresponding nonparametric tests based on distributional properties. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square or Fisher exact test.
⁎Presented proportions are column percents.
aThe primary outcome of smoke-free home adoption attempts was defined as either reporting an attempt to establish a smoke-free home rule (i.e., no smoking at any time in any part of the home) or reporting an attempt to refrain from smoking in their home, even for one day during the three months prior to enrollment in the intervention.
bWe defined dual tobacco product use as using cigarettes and one other non-cigarette tobacco product.
cWe defined poly-tobacco product use as using cigarettes and two or more other non-cigarette tobacco products.
dP-value not calculated due to small sample size.