Fig. 3.

Differential Gene Expression and Enrichment Analysis of Chondrocytes in Response to Mechanical Stress. A) Schematic representation of stress transmission to chondrocytes under mechanical loading using rigid microspheres. B) Schematic representation of stress transmission to chondrocytes under mechanical loading using soft microspheres. C) Volcano plot of the distribution of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). D) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of DEGs. E) KEGG enrichment analysis of DEGs. F) Reactome enrichment analysis of DEGs. G) Heatmap analysis showing expression patterns of genes related to cellular senescence. H) KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs involved in cellular senescence under mechanical stress. I) Heatmap illustrating gene expression changes related to mitochondrial dysfunction under mechanical stress conditions. J) GO enrichment analysis of genes associated with mitochondrial dysfunction under mechanical stress.