Table 2.
Communication protocol parameters and performance Specifications.
| Protocol Layer | Technology | Operating Parameters | Performance Metrics | Power Consumption | Security Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short-Range (PAN) | BLE 5.2 | Frequency: 2.4 GHz | Range: 50 m | Active: 3.5 mA | 128-bit AES |
| Channels: 40 (2 MHz) | Latency: 3–6 ms | Sleep: 1 µA | Pairing Authentication | ||
| TX Power: 0 to + 8 dBm | Throughput: 2 Mbps | ECDH Key Exchange | |||
| Medium-Range (LAN) | Wi-Fi 6 | 2.4/5 GHz Dual-Band | Range: 100 m | Active: 120 mA | WPA3 Enterprise |
| Channel Width: 20/40/80 MHz | Latency: 5–10 ms | Sleep: 5µA | 256-bit Encryption | ||
| MU-MIMO 8 × 8 | Throughput: 1.2 Gbps | PMK Caching | |||
| Wide-Range (WAN) | 5G NR | FR1: Sub-6 GHz | Range: 500 m | Active: 250 mA | 3GPP Security |
| FR2: 24–40 GHz | Latency: <1 ms | Sleep: 10 µA | Network Slicing | ||
| Bandwidth: 100 MHz | Throughput: 10 Gbps | IMSI Protection | |||
| Data Link Layer | Custom | Window Size: 4–64 packets | Frame Loss: <0.1% | Processing: 15 mA | CRC-32 |
| Frame Size: 128–1500 B | Retransmission Rate: <5% | Frame Encryption | |||
| Transport Layer | TCP/UDP | Buffer Size: 64 KB | Jitter: <2 ms | Processing: 10 mA | TLS 1.3 |
| Hybrid | Window Scale: 1–14 | Packet Loss: <0.01% | Certificate-based |