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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 5.
Published before final editing as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2025 Feb 5:S2451-9022(25)00037-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2025.01.014

Table 3. Correlations between functional connectivity and CBCL-externalizing obtained from the standard, motion-ordered, and bagging methods as a function of sample size across the 3 low-motion racial/ethnic groups.

The standard method corresponded to the brain-behavior associations derived from the full fMRI timeseries of the low-motion youth with a mean FD < 0.20 mm. The motion-ordered method corresponded to the brain-behavior associations derived from the scrubbed fMRI timeseries ranked and thresholded by their 100 least motion-corrupted timepoints (0 < FD < 0.20 mm) to construct the functional connectivity matrices of the low-motion youth. The bagging method corresponded to the brain-behavior associations derived from the scrubbed fMRI timeseries ranked and thresholded by their 100 least motion-corrupted timepoints (0 < FD < 0.20 mm) from which 100 timepoints were bootstrapped across 500 iterations to construct the functional connectivity matrices of the low-motion youth. The sample sizes were bootstrapped at 11 logarithmically-spaced N intervals: White N ∈ {25, 39, 62, 97, 152, 238, 374, 586, 920, 1444, 2266}; Black N ∈ {25, 33, 44, 58, 77, 101, 134, 177, 234, 310, 410}; Hispanic N ∈ {25, 35, 48, 67, 93, 129, 179, 249, 345, 480, 666}. For each low-motion racial/ethnic group and behavior, we computed a total of 11 intervals x 500 bootstrap N samples = 5,500 standard and motion-ordered correlations. For each low-motion racial/ethnic group and behavior, we computed a total of 11 intervals x 500 bootstrap N samples x 500 bootstrap timepoints = 2.75 million bagged correlations. For each racial/ethnic group, the brain-behavior Rs and 95% CI are shown as a function of sample size. The areas under the curve (AUC) for the brain-behavior associations also are displayed.

ABCD Study Brain-behavior relationships for CBCL-externalizing

Standard Motion-ordered Bagging
Low-motion White Youth mean Rs [95% CI] mean Rs [95% CI] mean Rs [95% CI]
25 0.097 [−0.29, 0.46] 0.064 [−0.34, 0.49] 0.071 [−0.32, 0.44]
39 0.10 [−0.19, 0.41] 0.086 [−0.22, 0.39] 0.067 [−0.26, 0.40]
62 0.094 [−0.13, 0.33] 0.063 [−0.20, 0.30] 0.067 [−0.20, 0.30]
97 0.092 [−0.099, 0.28] 0.066 [−0.12, 0.25] 0.068 [−0.12, 0.27]
152 0.098 [−0.050, 0.25] 0.072 [−0.078, 0.22] 0.066 [−0.082, 0.22]
238 0.095 [−0.033, 0.22] 0.069 [−0.049, 0.18] 0.073 [−0.042, 0.19]
374 0.099 [0.007, 0.19] 0.072 [−0.027, 0.16] 0.070 [−0.023, 0.16]
586 0.10 [0.031, 0.17] 0.072 [−0.006, 0.14] 0.070 [0.005, 0.15]
920 0.098 [0.053, 0.14] 0.070 [0.022, 0.12] 0.070 [0.019, 0.12]
1444 0.099 [0.068, 0.13] 0.071 [0.038, 0.10] 0.072 [0.041, 0.10]
2266 0.099 [0.099, 0.099] 0.071 [0.071, 0.071] 0.071 [0.071, 0.072]
Area Under Curve (AUC) 244.82 250.70 251.44

Low-motion Black Youth mean Rs [95% CI] mean Rs [95% CI] mean Rs [95% CI]
25 0.055 [−0.35, 0.45] 0.078 [−0.31, 0.48] 0.039 [−0.36, 0.43]
33 0.060 [−0.28, 0.38] 0.063 [−0.30, 0.42] 0.045 [−0.30, 0.39]
44 0.056 [−0.23, 0.35] 0.052 [−0.23, 0.36] 0.050 [−0.22, 0.31]
58 0.054 [−0.18, 0.27] 0.056 [−0.18, 0.29] 0.051 [−0.18, 0.28]
77 0.048 [−0.15, 0.23] 0.047 [−0.15, 0.26] 0.046 [−0.16, 0.25]
101 0.055 [−0.12, 0.22] 0.055 [−0.10, 0.22] 0.044 [−0.14, 0.22]
134 0.061 [−0.065, 0.19] 0.052 [−0.088, 0.17] 0.053 [−0.094, 0.19]
177 0.059 [−0.048, 0.16] 0.055 [−0.055, 0.16] 0.050 [−0.055, 0.17]
234 0.063 [−0.023, 0.15] 0.053 [−0.030, 0.14] 0.053 [−0.026, 0.14]
310 0.059 [0.007, 0.11] 0.051 [−0.004, 0.11] 0.052 [−0.005, 0.10]
410 0.059 [0.059, 0.059] 0.054 [0.054, 0.054] 0.051 [0.049, 0.053]
Area Under Curve (AUC) 82.69 84.96 85.52

Low-motion Hispanic Youth mean Rs [95% CI] mean Rs [95% CI] mean Rs [95% CI]
25 0.061 [−0.34, 0.43] 0.065 [−0.33, 0.45] 0.053 [−0.37, 0.45]
35 0.079 [−0.22, 0.43] 0.058 [−0.29, 0.38] 0.065 [−0.25, 0.37]
48 0.089 [−0.20, 0.34] 0.066 [−0.18, 0.35] 0.073 [−0.21, 0.35]
67 0.081 [−0.15, 0.31] 0.067 [−0.17, 0.31] 0.073 [−0.16, 0.32]
93 0.086 [−0.091, 0.27] 0.065 [−0.11, 0.27] 0.067 [−0.11, 0.26]
129 0.083 [−0.063, 0.23] 0.064 [−0.082, 0.22] 0.065 [−0.085, 0.22]
179 0.082 [−0.036, 0.21] 0.063 [−0.056, 0.19] 0.073 [−0.039, 0.19]
249 0.077 [−0.016, 0.16] 0.064 [−0.034, 0.15] 0.069 [−0.015, 0.16]
345 0.082 [0.007, 0.14] 0.068 [−0.008, 0.14] 0.068 [−0.008, 0.14]
480 0.082 [0.037, 0.13] 0.066 [0.021, 0.11] 0.067 [0.018, 0.11]
666 0.082 [0.082, 0.082] 0.066 [0.066, 0.066] 0.066 [0.065, 0.068]
Area Under Curve (AUC) 113.75 117.00 115.94