Table 5.
Summary of imaging evidence
| Study | Modalities studied | Dementia or MCI patients included? | Multiple time points? | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kant et al100 | MRI | No | Yes | Delirium associated with decreased gray matter at 3-mo follow-up |
| Gunther et al101 | MRI/cognitive battery | Yes | Yes | Duration of delirium is associated with atrophy in several regions. Atrophy associated with poorer long-term cognition |
| Pendlebury et al102 | CT/MRI | Yes | No | White-matter changes predict the incidence of delirium in a 5-year follow-up |
| Shioiri et al105 | MRI | No | No | Specific patterns of preoperative MRI predict delirium incidence |
| Racine et al107 | MRI | No | No | AD-type cortical atrophy predicts delirium incidence |
| Racine et al108 | MRI/Cognitive battery | No | Yes | AD-type cortical atrophy and delirium lead to further atrophy as well as poorer cognitive outcomes |
| Sprung et al109 | MRI/cognitive battery/amyloid PET | No | Yes | AD-type cortical atrophy is more likely to have delirium during ICU admission and have further atrophy on follow-up imaging. Amyloid PET positivity is not related to ICU admission |
| Rolandi et al110 | MRI/fMRI/amyloid PET/cognitive battery | No | No | Amyloid-PET status is not related to POD. POD associated with unique pre-op atrophy pattern |
| Cavallari et al116 | MRI/cognitive battery | No | No | DTI changes in the cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and basal forebrain are associated with POD |
| Katsumi et al118 | MRI/cognitive battery | No | No | Midanterior cingulate thickness is associated with protection against POD |
| Haggstrom et al120 | FDG-PET/cognitive battery | Yes | Yes | Cortical hypometabolism occurs during delirium. Resolution in cortical, particularly PCC, hypometabolism after delirium, and correlation with cognitive performance |
| Caplan et al122 | Transcranial Doppler | Yes | Yes | Flow velocity can distinguish DSD from delirium, acute illness, and baseline dementia |
| van Montfort et al125 | fMRI | No | Yes | Delirium affects functional networks with long-term sequelae |
| Ditzel et al126 | FMRI/cognitive battery | No | Yes | POD associated with decreased functional connectivity strength and cognitive decline |
Abbreviations: DSD, delirium superimposed on dementia; POD, postoperative delirium.