Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of the students.

Demographic Characteristics	BL Group		VBL Group			Total
	n	$\overline{\mathbf{X}}\pm \mathrm{S}\mathrm{D}$ (Min–Max)	n	$\overline{\mathbf{X}}\pm \mathrm{S}\mathrm{D}$ (Min–Max)		n	$\overline{\mathbf{X}}\pm \mathrm{S}\mathrm{D}$ (Min–Max)
Age	73	20.85 ± 2.01 (18–28)	78	20.58 ± 1.91 (18–30)		151	20.71 ± 1.96 (18–30)
GPA	73	71.17 ± 7.34 (54.00–88.00)	78	72.88 ± 6.83 (54.50–88.00)		151	72.05 ± 7.10 (54.00–88.00)
Individual assessment of the level of mathematical skills	73	3.32 ± 0.78 (1–5)	78	3.15 ± 0.94 (1–5)		151	3.23 ± 0.86 (1–5)

Demographic characteristics			n	%	n	%	n	%
Gender	Female		43	58.9	46	59.0	89	58.9
	Male		30	41.1	32	41.0	62	41.1
Type of high school	General high school		6	8.2	3	3.8	9	6.0
	Anatolian high school		43	58.9	50	64.1	93	61.6
	Science high school		1	1.4	--	--	1	0.7
	Private high school		5	6.8	6	7.7	11	7.3
	Other high school		18	24.7	19	24.4	37	24.5
Use of a calculator in mathematical operations	Yes		1	14	5	6.4	6	4.0
	Sometimes		36	49.3	45	57.7	81	53.6
	No		36	49.3	28	35.9	64	42.6
To receive training on MDC while continuing the current program	Yes		9	12.3	5	6.4	14	9.3
	No		64	87.7	73	93.6	137	90.7
Total			73	100	78	100	151	100