Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| References | Country | Published time | Study type | No. of patients with past COVID-19 infection | Female |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mazurkiewicz et al. [17] | Poland | Nov 30, 2022 | Retrospective observational | 303 | 191 (63.03%) |
| Kim et al. [18] | Korea | Jan 27, 2022 | Prospective cohort | 241 | 164 (68.04%) |
| Bai et al. [19] | Italy | Apr 28, 2022 | Prospective cohort | 377 | 133 (35.27%) |
| Fernandez-de-las-Peñas et al. [20] | Spain | May 26, 2022 | Retrospective cohort | 1,969 | 915 (46.47%) |
| Michelutti et al. [21] | Italy | Oct 15, 2022 | Retrospective observational | 213 | 151 (70.89%) |
| Fjelltveit et al. [22] | Norway | Feb 1, 2023 | Prospective case-control study | 233 | 124 (53.21%) |
| Weinstock et al. [23] | USA | May 1, 2022 | Retrospective cross-sectional | 136 | 122 (89.7%) |
| Aparisi et al. [24] | Spain | Mar 26, 2022 | Prospective case-control study | 70 | 45 (64.28%) |
| Sykes et al. [25] | UK | Feb 11, 2021 | Retrospective cohort | 134 | 46 (34.32%) |
| Pelà et al. [26] | Italy | May 16, 2022 | Retrospective cohort | 223 | 89 (39.91%) |
| Ganesh et al. [9] | USA | Feb 5, 2022 | Prospective cohort | 108 | 58 (53.7%) |
| Gebhard et al. [27] | Switzerland | Jun 11, 2024 | Prospective observational | 2,856 | 1,307 (45.7%) |