Table 1.

Etiology, presentation, and diagnostic modality of nonduodenocaval enterocaval fistulae.

Type of fistula	Total no.	Etiology of fistula	Presentation	Diagnostic modality
Gastrocaval [2, 16, 17]	3	Peptic ulcer disease (2) trauma	Recurrent melena, dysphagia Pain, vomiting, pneumoperitoneum Stab wound, hematemesis	EGD Laparotomy CT
Jejunocaval [18]	1	Esophagojejunal anastomosis	Sepsis	CT
Colocaval [19]	1	Esophageal interposition	Sepsis, hematemesis	Thoracotomy