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. 2025 Jul 23;16:1628555. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1628555

Figure 5.

(A) Bar graph showing higher relative expression of GmPOD53L in OE compared to EV₁. (B) Image of a root with fluorescent staining in OE. (C) Bar graph indicating fewer total SCNs in OE versus EV₁. (D) Stacked bar chart detailing SCNs at different stages, with variations between EV₁ and OE. (E) Bar graph of lignin content showing higher levels in OE. (F) Bar graph displaying increased peroxidase activity in OE compared to EV₁. Error bars indicate variability.

Overexpression of GmPOD53L enhances soybean roots resistance against H. Glycines by increasing the peroxidase activity and lignin content. (A) Relative expression levels of GmPOD53L in over-expressed groups (OE, n=6) and empty vector control groups (EV1, n=3) (Student’s t-test, p < 0.01); (B) Fluorescent hairy roots (OE) can be easily distinguished with LUYOR-3415RG used as the excitation light source. (C) Total number of SCNs in soybean roots (p< 0.01) (D) Demographics assays of SCNs in different stages between over-expressed groups (OE, n=5) and empty vector control groups (EV1, n=5) (one-way ANOVA, in EV1 versus OE, a and b mean that the dates were statistical different, p <0.05); (E) Lignin content in over-expressed groups (OE, n=3) and empty vector control groups (EV1, n=3) (Student’s t-test, p < 0.01); (F) Peroxidase activity in over-expressed groups (OE, n=3) and empty vector control groups (EV1 n=3) (Student’s t-test, p < 0.05).