Table 1.

Characteristics of the Study Sample by International Medical Graduate status

		US Medical Graduates		US Citizen IMGs		Permanent Resident IMGs		Noncitizen Non-Permanent Resident IMGs		P value
Gender
Male		3,918	47.91%	1,554	56.45%	544	51.47%	1,442	45.84%
Female		4,259	52.09%	1,199	43.55%	513	48.53%	1,055	33.53%
Subtotal		8,177		2,753		1,057		3,146		p < 0.001
Age	Mean (SD)	32.20 (3.21)		34.28 (4.60)		35.76 (4.74)		33.13 (3.65)		p < 0.001
Educational Debt
No debt		1,562	23.36%	1,048	47.99%	727	77.18%	1,599	74.41%
< $50,000		366	5.47%	182	8.33%	95	10.08%	245	11.40%
$50,000-$350,000		3,296	49.29%	572	26.19%	102	10.83%	271	12.61%
> $350,000		1,463	21.88%	382	17.49%	18	1.91%	34	1.58%
Subtotal		6,687		2,184		942		2,149		p < 0.001
Race
Non-Hispanic White		4,472	55.71%	926	34.09%	194	20.38%	353	16.43%
Non-Hispanic Asian		2,021	25.17%	1,019	37.52%	440	46.22%	959	44.65%
Non-Hispanic Black		532	6.63%	152	5.60%	86	9.03%	134	6.24%
Non-Hispanic Other		428	5.33%	311	11.45%	131	13.76%	477	22.21%
Hispanic		575	7.16%	308	11.34%	101	10.61%	225	10.47%
Subtotal		8,028		2,716		952		2,148		p < 0.001
Practice Location
Inner City		2558	32.69%	759	28.72%	356	34.97%	718	30.12%
Major City		1889	24.14%	522	19.75%	204	20.04%	378	15.86%
Suburban		2434	31.10%	916	34.66%	305	29.96%	522	21.90%
Small City		677	8.65%	329	12.45%	124	12.18%	533	22.36%
Rural		268	3.42%	117	4.43%	29	2.85%	233	9.77%
Subtotal		7826		2643		1018		2384		p < 0.001
New Primary Care Physicians (PCPs)		1,690	20.59%	1,206	43.51%	456	46.91%	1,112	50.52%	p < 0.001
New PCPs in Rural Ares		85	5.03%	60	4.98%	19	4.17%	109	9.80%	p < 0.001
New PCPs in HPSAs		281	16.63%	155	12.85%	33	7.24%	473	42.54%	p < 0.001