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. 2025 Jul 30;644(8075):185–196. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09114-8

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 10 — a. FIRM-integrated UMAP of adipocytes and adipo-CAR cells (10x and SS2) as in Fig. 3f with cells colored by (left to right) cell type designation, scRNA-seq method, individual lemur source, and tissue source, respectively. b. UMAP as above colored by expression level of indicated adipocyte markers (ADIPOQ, CIDEC) and example DEGs in UCP1lo (CHIT1, APOE) and UCP1hi (FABP3, KCNK3) adipocytes. c. UMAP as above colored by the number of scRNA-seq reads per cell (UMIs, 10x; transcripts, SS2, left) and number of genes detected per cell (right). Note the heterogeneity of UCP1lo population, which forms two subclusters distinguished by total read per cell and genes detected per cell, but not by any biologically significant DEGs. d. H&E-stained sections of fat tissues from L2 (left) and L4 (right) that are near the kidney (top) and paraspinal muscle (bottom), N = 4. Scale bar, 50 μm (all panels). Full set of micrographs available online on Tabula Microcebus web portal. e. Dot plot of mean expression of the top 10 DEGs in each of the four fat depots: BAT, interscapular brown adipose tissue; GAT, perigonadal; MAT, mesenchymal; SCAT, subcutaneous (L2, 10x). [Uncharacterized 1], LOC105856764; [Uncharacterized 2], LOC105867540; [COX7A1], LOC105876884; [Uncharacterized 3], LOC105867541; [MT2A], LOC105866476; [MT1E], LOC105866554; [CTRB1L], LOC105875474; [MAGEB16L], LOC105877758; [PRSS1L], LOC105873340; [IGLL1], LOC109729893; [IGLL5], LOC105882024; [RPS3], LOC105862350; [RPS20], LOC105874908; [RPS27L], LOC109731171; [RPL32], LOC105861123; [RPLP1], LOC105859117; [RPS15A], LOC105857549; [RPL29], LOC105863618; [FTL], LOC105870251. f. Dot plot of expression of adipokines LEP and ADIPOQ as well as their receptors across atlas cell types (L1-L4, 10x). Note abundant and specific expression of ADIPOQ but lack of LEP expression in adipocytes. Curiously, LEP transcripts are detected in the AKR1B1+ kidney loop of Henle cells (LoH), mesothelial cells, and some vascular-associated smooth muscle cells (SMC), although at very low levels. In contrast, LEPR shows expected expression in various cell types including tendon cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, and high LEPR expression is found in mesenchymal progenitor cell types such as osteo-CAR and adipo-CAR cells. Also note ubiquitous expression of ADIPOR1 across almost all atlas cell types, and enriched expression of ADIPOR2 in sperm lineage cells and adipocytes⁴¹.

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