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. 2025 Jul 24;12:1604790. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1604790

TABLE 4.

Efficacy outcomes of patients enrolled in stage 2 (FAS).

Placebo (n = 20) HSK21542-0.5 μg/kg group (n = 20) HSK21542-1.0 μg/kg group (n = 20) P-value
SPID0–24 h (scores × min) 0.406
 Mean (SD) −772.9 (3,108.1) −2,026.6 (2,667.5) −1,850.8 (2,169.6)
 Median (range) −1,192.0 (−8,926–3,606) −1,502.0 (−7,472–3,939) −1,660.0 (−6,311–2,168)
SPID0–12 h (scores × min) 0.518
 Mean (SD) −223.3 (1,544.0) −791.1 (1,189.7) −719.8 (1,142.6)
 Median (range) −258.5 (−4,556–1902) −716.5 (−2,826–2,091) −675.0 (−2,824–1,922)
PID (scores × min)
 LSMD vs. placebo (95% CI) 0.45 (−0.21, 1.10) 0.59 (−0.03, 1.20)
P-value vs. placebo* 0.175 0.061
Patients administered with morphine 0–12 h after first dosing of experimental drugs, n (%) 10 (50.0) 6 (30.0) 4 (20.0) 0.123
Cumulative dosage of morphine 0–12 h after first dosing of the experimental drugs (mg) 0.115
 Mean (SD) 2.5 (3.4) 1.3 (2.3) 0.9 (2.0)
 Median (range) 1.5 (0–11) 0.0 (0–8) 0.0 (0–8)
Patients administered with morphine during 0–24 h after first dosing of experimental drugs, n (%) 10 (50.0) 6 (30.0) 4 (20.0) 0.123
Cumulative dose of morphine 0–24 h after first dosing of the experimental drugs (mg) 0.109
 Mean (SD) 3.0 (4.2) 1.5 (2.5) 0.9 (2.0)
 Median (range) 1.5 (0–11) 0.0 (0–8) 0.0 (0–8)
Time of first injection of morphine (min) 0.883
 Mean (SD) 78.2 (81.9) 103.9 (134.5) 133.6 (120.3)
 Median (range) 59.6 (1.9–286.3) 61.7 (4.1–362.5) 129.1 (15.3–260.9)
Patients with NRS ≤ 3 during 0–12 h administration, n (%) 10 (50.0) 12 (60.0) 14 (70.0) 0.435
Patients with NRS ≤ 3 during 0–24 h administration, n (%) 10 (50.0) 12 (60.0) 14 (70.0) 0.435
Analgesia duration (min) 0.210
 Mean (SD) 1,306.2 (234.6) 1,324.8 (173.0) 1,406.2 (68.1)
 Median (range) 1,420.2 (623.0–1,463.8) 1,409.9 (836.0–1,442.4) 1,422.9 (1,212.0–1,496.0)
Satisfaction score for patients 0.377
 Mean (SD) 9.1 (1.3) 8.7 (1.8) 9.4 (1.1)
 Median (range) 9.5 (6–10) 9.0 (5–10) 10.0 (6–10)
Satisfaction score for clinician 0.290
 Mean (SD) 8.6 (2.0) 8.3 (1.7) 9.1 (1.5)
 Median (range) 10.0 (4–10) 9.0 (5–10) 10.0 (6–10)

*Data were compared using mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) methods, with the baseline pain score, treatment, time point and interaction between treatment and time point as fixed effects, and patients as random effects. Statistical significance was defined as a two-sided alpha level of P < 0.05. For HSK21542 dose groups in stage 2: HSK21542-0.5 μg/kg or HSK21542-1.0 μg/kg were administered at postoperative 0 h, 8 h and 16 h. AUC, area under curve; LSMD, least squares mean difference; NRS, numerical rating scale; PID, pain intensity difference; SD, standard deviation; SPID0–12 h, time-weighted summed pain intensity differences over 12 h; SPID0–24 h, time-weighted summed pain intensity differences over 24 h.