Table 1.
Patient demographics and baseline characteristics.
| Variables | Total (n = 3811) | 1 (n = 951) | 2 (n = 952) | 3 (n = 955) | 4 (n = 953) | χ2/F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPR | 1.70(1.40,2.25) | 1.23(1.11,1.32) | 1.54(1.47,1.62) | 1.92(1.79,2.05) | 2.97(2.53,3.76) | 3571.88 | < 0.001 |
| Demographic variables | |||||||
| Age (y) | 70.00(62.00,79.00) | 69.00(61.00,77.00) | 69.00(61.00,78.00) | 71.00(63.00,80.00) | 71.00(63.00,80.00) | 23.66 | < 0.001 |
| Male (n, %) | 2682 (70.38) | 708 (74.45) | 685 (71.95) | 685 (71.73) | 604 (63.38) | 31.92 | < 0.001 |
| BMI | 28.38(24.94,32.60) | 28.03(24.75,32.12) | 28.64(25.22,32.84) | 28.40(24.99,32.66) | 28.31(24.75,32.87) | 3.37 | 0.337 |
| Ethnicity, n(%) | 0.72 | 0.002 | |||||
| White | 2353 (61.74) | 608 (63.93) | 595 (62.50) | 609 (63.77) | 541 (56.77) | ||
| Black | 237 (6.22) | 59 (6.20) | 46 (4.83) | 52 (5.45) | 80 (8.39) | ||
| Others | 1221 (32.04) | 284 (29.86) | 311 (32.67) | 294 (30.79) | 332 (34.84) | ||
| History of tobacco use, n(%) | 6.57 | 0.087 | |||||
| Used | 62 (1.63) | 10 (1.05) | 11 (1.16) | 20 (2.09) | 21 (2.20) | ||
| Not used | 3749 (98.37) | 941 (98.95) | 941 (98.84) | 935 (97.91) | 932 (97.80) | ||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1493 (39.18) | 341 (35.86) | 438 (46.01) | 398 (41.68) | 316 (33.16) | 40.03 | < 0.001 |
| HF (n,%) | 1741 (45.68) | 416 (43.74) | 348 (36.55) | 424 (44.40) | 553 (58.03) | 92.57 | < 0.001 |
| Stroke (n,%) | 368 (9.66) | 93 (9.78) | 69 (7.25) | 99 (10.37) | 107 (11.23) | 9.60 | 0.022 |
| ARF (n,%) | 1512 (39.67) | 320 (33.65) | 289 (30.36) | 375 (39.27) | 528 (55.40) | 147.54 | < 0.001 |
| CKD (n,%) | 1028 (26.97) | 268 (28.18) | 199 (20.90) | 247 (25.86) | 314 (32.95) | 36.38 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 1648 (43.24) | 355 (37.33) | 320 (33.61) | 391 (40.94) | 582 (61.07) | 174.98 | < 0.001 |
| Malignant tumor, n(%) | 506 (13.28) | 131 (13.77) | 125 (13.13) | 137 (14.35) | 113 (11.86) | 2.84 | 0.417 |
| Cardiogenic shock, n(%) | 599 (15.72) | 91 (9.57) | 98 (10.29) | 146 (15.29) | 264 (27.70) | 151.74 | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||||||
| Sodium, (mEq/L) | 138.00 (136.00140.00) | 138.00(136.00,140.00) | 138.00(136.00,140.00) | 138.00(136.00,140.00) | 138.00(135.00,141.00) | 3.31 | 0.346 |
| Potassium, (mmol/L) | 4.30 (4.00, 4.70) | 4.60 (4.30,5.00) | 4.30 (4.00,4.70) | 4.20 (3.90,4.60) | 4.10 (3.70,4.50) | 446.13 | < 0.001 |
| CalciumTotal, (mg/dL) | 8.30 (7.90, 8.70) | 8.30 (8.00,8.70) | 8.30 (7.90,8.70) | 8.40 (8.00,8.80) | 8.30 (7.90,8.80) | 6.07 | 0.108 |
| Chloride, (mEq/L) | 105.00(101.00,108.00) | 106.00(102.00,108.00) | 106.00(103.00,108.00) | 105.00(101.00,108.00) | 102.00(98.00,106.00) | 196.42 | < 0.001 |
| GLU, (mmol/L) | 7.34 (6.16, 9.58) | 5.66 (5.04,6.16) | 6.72 (6.22,7.17) | 8.01 (7.34,8.90) | 12.32 (10.25,16.18) | 2884.67 | < 0.001 |
| AG, (mEq/L) | 13.00 (11.00, 16.00) | 12.00 (10.00,15.00) | 12.00 (10.00,15.00) | 13.00 (11.00,16.00) | 16.00 (13.00,19.00) | 442.42 | < 0.001 |
| WBC, (K/uL) | 12.10 (9.00, 16.00) | 11.80 (8.60,15.10) | 11.55 (8.60,15.20) | 12.10 (9.10,15.90) | 13.10 (9.70,17.70) | 52.83 | < 0.001 |
| RBC, (m/uL) | 3.48 (2.91, 4.07) | 3.23 (2.75,3.78) | 3.40 (2.88,3.97) | 3.54 (2.99,4.16) | 3.76 (3.15,4.31) | 156.28 | < 0.001 |
| PLT, (K/uL) | 171.00(129.00,229.50) | 160.00(123.00,213.00) | 158.00(120.75,208.25) | 173.00(133.50,233.00) | 198.00(147.00,261.00) | 134.13 | < 0.001 |
| Hb, (g/dL) | 10.40 (8.70, 12.10) | 9.70 (8.20,11.30) | 10.20 (8.60,11.90) | 10.70 (8.90,12.40) | 11.10 (9.30,12.80) | 134.79 | < 0.001 |
| RDW, (%) | 13.90 (13.10, 15.30) | 13.90 (13.10,15.60) | 13.60 (12.90,14.90) | 13.80 (13.10,15.00) | 14.10 (13.20,15.60) | 39.37 | < 0.001 |
| HCT, (%) | 31.70 (27.00, 37.00) | 29.80 (25.60,34.50) | 31.15 (26.78,36.10) | 32.40 (27.60,37.65) | 34.20 (28.80,38.80) | 142.63 | < 0.001 |
| PT, (s) | 14.60 (12.80, 16.90) | 15.10 (13.20,17.20) | 14.80 (12.88,16.92) | 14.40 (12.70,16.70) | 13.80 (12.40,16.50) | 43.25 | < 0.001 |
| APTT, (s) | 31.90 (27.50, 43.20) | 31.10 (27.35,38.10) | 31.05 (27.30,39.20) | 32.00 (27.80,44.60) | 34.20 (27.80,60.90) | 58.39 | < 0.001 |
| INR | 1.30 (1.20, 1.60) | 1.40 (1.20,1.60) | 1.40 (1.20,1.60) | 1.30 (1.20,1.50) | 1.30 (1.10,1.50) | 44.33 | < 0.001 |
| BUN, (mg/dL) | 19.00(14.00,32.00) | 19.00(14.00,32.00) | 17.00(13.00,25.00) | 19.00(14.00,29.00) | 25.00(17.00,39.00) | 160.72 | < 0.001 |
| Cr, (mg/dL) | 1.00 (0.80, 1.55) | 1.00 (0.80,1.60) | 0.90 (0.80,1.22) | 1.00 (0.80,1.50) | 1.20 (0.90,1.90) | 148.80 | < 0.001 |
| Surgery | |||||||
| Revascularization, n(%) | 919 (24.11) | 279 (29.34) | 297 (31.20) | 228 (23.87) | 115 (12.07) | 115.89 | < 0.001 |
| Outcomes | |||||||
| 1-year mortality status, n(%) | 999 (26.21) | 196 (20.61) | 163 (17.12) | 252 (26.39) | 388 (40.71) | 159.73 | < 0.001 |
| 180-day mortality status, n(%) | 852 (22.36) | 161 (16.93) | 129 (13.55) | 215 (22.51) | 347 (36.41) | 167.13 | < 0.001 |
GPR: quartile Q1: 0.20–1.40; Q2: 1.40–1.70; Q3: 1.70–2.25; Q4: 2.25–40.57.
BMI body mass index, HF heart failure, ARF acute renal failure, CKD chronic kidney disease, GLU glucose, AG AnionGap, WBC white blood cell count, RBC red blood cell count, PLT PlateletCount, Hb hemoglobin, RDW red cell distribution width, HCT hematocrit, PT lasma prothrombin time, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, INR prothrombin international normalized ratio, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cr creatinine.