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. 2025 Jul 24;12:1638283. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1638283

Table 2.

Regression analyses showing association between microminerals and SPM score in adolescents.

Whole blood microminerals
Models Regression parameters Cu Mn Se Zn
Model 1 Coefficient (β) 0.15 0.16 0.07 0.03
95% CI 0.06–0.25 0.07–0.26 0.02–0.13 0.02–0.05
p-value 0.002 0.001 0.008 <0.001
Model 2 Coefficient (β) 2.18 2.69 1.89 2.61
95% CI 1.07–3.29 1.58–3.80 0.78–3.00 1.50–3.72
p-value <0.001 <0.001 0.001 <0.001
Model 3 Coefficient (β) 0.13 0.12 0.05 0.03
95% CI 0.04–0.22 0.02–0.21 −0.01-0.10 0.01–0.04
p-value 0.007 0.019 0.083 0.001
Model 4 Coefficient (β) 2.03 2.47 1.64 1.88
95% CI 0.92–3.13 1.36–3.57 0.54–2.74 0.79–2.97
p-value <0.001 <0.001 0.003 0.001

CI, confidence interval.

Model 1: unadjusted; independent variable used as continuous variable.

Model 2: unadjusted; independent variable used as quartiles.

Model 3: independent variable used as continuous variable and model adjusted for sex, smoking in the household, school grade, father education, mother education, season of birth, soft drinks.

Model 4: independent variable used as quartiles and model adjusted for as in model 3.