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. 2025 Jul 24;13:1566813. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1566813

Table 2.

Quality assessment of included studies.

Literature 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Quality
Suai Li and Liu (2023) (28) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B
Tornbom and Danielsson (2018) (47) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes A
Gustavsson et al. (2022) (48) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes B
Thomson et al. (2020) (49) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B
Paquin et al. (2016) (25) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B
Moan et al. (2021) (50) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B
Lehmann et al. (2020) (29) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B
Amaya et al. (2018) (51) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes A
Pallesen et al, (2018) (30) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B
Krishnan et al. (2023) (26) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes A
Chen et al. (2020) (52) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes B
Wingham et al. (2015) (53) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes A
Marika et al. (2018) (54) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B
Celinder et al. (2012) (27) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes A
Suzanne et al. (2024) (55) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B
Lo et al. (2024) (56) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes B

1. Whether the philosophical basis is consistent with the methodology; 2. Whether the methodology is consistent with the research question or research objectives; 3. Whether the methodology is consistent with the method of data collection; 4. Whether the methodology is consistent with the representativeness of the data and the method of data analysis; 5. Whether the methodology is consistent with the interpretation of the results; 6. Whether the researcher own situation is described in terms of cultural background and values; 7. Whether the researcher influence on the research is described, or the research influence on the researcher; 8. Whether the research object is typical and adequately represents the research subject and its views; 9. Whether the conclusions are drawn in accordance with current ethical norms; 10. Is the researcher influence on the research, or the researcher influence on the research; 8. Is the subject of the research typical and adequately representative of the subject and its views; 9. Is the research consistent with current ethical norms; 10. Are the conclusions drawn from the analysis and interpretation of the data.