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. 2025 Aug 4;13:e19776. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19776

Table 4. Equilibrium isotherm models and their parameters for the biosorption of cadmium on DSC biosorbent.

Freundlich Langmuir Dubinin–Radushkevich
Kf
(L/mg)		 1/n R 2 qmax
(mg/g)		 b
(L/mg)		 RL R 2 qo
(mg/g)		 β × 10−8 (mol2/J2) E
(kJ/mol)		 R 2
6.50 0.48 0.947 11.16 1.00 0.019–0.083 0.997 8.42 5.0 31.26 0.979