表 1.

复杂输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料

Clinical data of patients with complex ureteral strictures

Variables	Data (n=21)
Gender (male/female), n	10/11
Age/years, x±s	44.1±13.3
Causes of stenosis, n
Calculus	15
Injury	1
Radiotherapy	1
Congenital factors	4
Location of stenosis, n
Left/right side	9/12
Upper/middle/lower segment	4/12/5
Length of stenosis/cm, x±s	4.81±4.33
Reconstruction methods, n
Pyeloplasty	4
Ureteroneocystostomy	2
Bladder flap ureteroplasty	4
Lingual mucosal graft ureteroplasty	6
Appendix graft ureteroplasty	2
Ureteroureterostomy	1
Ileal segment replacement of ureter	1
Renal pelvis flap + ureteroneocystostomy	1
Surgical approaches, n
Laparoscopy	17
da Vinci robot-assisted laparoscopy	4