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. 2025 Aug 7;15:28990. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14276-6

Table 3.

Anxiety (GAD) and depression (SMFQ) regressed on summed scores representing different social media domains. Results from linear regression analyses. Full sample, sample without straightliners and straightliners only. Girls.

Full sample (n = 1,852) Sample without straightliners (n = 1798) Straightliners only (n = 54)
Variables Beta (Unstandardized) 95% CI1 p-value Beta (Unstandardized) 95% CI1 p-value Beta (Unstandardized) 95% CI1 p-value
Self-presentationa, b 1.6 1.3, 1.9 < 0.001 1.5 1.2, 1.8 < 0.001 3.0 1.6, 4.4 < 0.001
Negative acts and exclusion 2.5 2.0, 3.0 < 0.001 2.7 2.1, 3.3 < 0.001 2.2 0.60, 3.9 0.008
Unwanted attention from others 1.6 1.3, 1.9 < 0.001 1.6 1.3, 1.8 < 0.001 2.6 0.96, 4.3 0.003
Subjective overusea, b 0.74 0.46, 1.0 < 0.001 0.69 0.40, 0.97 < 0.001 2.3 0.98, 3.6 0.001
Social obligationsa, b 1.2 0.90, 1.5 < 0.001 1.1 0.84, 1.4 < 0.001 3.0 1.3, 4.6 < 0.001
Source of concerna, b 1.2 0.97, 1.5 < 0.001 1.2 0.91, 1.4 < 0.001 3.0 1.6, 4.3 < 0.001
Symptoms of depression (SMFQ)
Self-presentationa, b 2.2 1.8, 2.5 < 0.001 2.1 1.8, 2.5 < 0.001 3.0 0.01, 6.0 0.049
Negative acts and exclusion 4.0 3.4, 4.6 < 0.001 4.4 3.8, 5.0 < 0.001 2.7 0.21, 5.1 0.034
Unwanted attention from others 2.1 1.7, 2.4 < 0.001 2.0 1.7, 2.4 < 0.001 2.8 0.25, 5.4 0.032
Subjective overusea, b 0.85 0.50, 1.2 < 0.001 0.80 0.44, 1.2 < 0.001 2.3 0.36, 4.2 0.021
Social obligationsa, b 1.5 1.1, 1.8 < 0.001 1.4 1.0, 1.8 < 0.001 2.8 0.13, 5.4 0.040
Source of concerna, b 1.3 0.98, 1.6 < 0.001 1.2 0.91, 1.6 < 0.001 3.2 0.88, 5.5 0.008

1CI = Confidence Interval for Beta; aSignificant difference between sample without straightliners and straightliners only (p < 0.05); bSignificant difference between full sample and straightliners only (p < 0.05).