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. 2025 Aug 7;15:28990. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14276-6

Table 4.

Anxiety (GAD) and depression (SMFQ) regressed on summed scores representing different social media domains. Results from linear regression analyses. Full sample, sample without straightliners and straightliners only. Boys.

Full sample (n = 1433) Sample without straightliners (n = 1310) Straightliners only (n = 123)
Characteristic Beta (Unstandardized) 95% CI1 p-value Beta (Unstandardized) 95% CI1 p-value Beta (Unstandardized) 95% CI1 p-value
Symptoms of anxiety (GAD)
Self-presentation 1.7 1.3, 2.2 < 0.001 1.8 1.4, 2.3 < 0.001 1.4 0.11, 2.7 0.034
Negative acts and exclusion 1.6 1.1, 2.1 < 0.001 2.0 1.5, 2.5 < 0.001 1.2 0.01, 2.3 0.048
Unwanted attention from others 0.97 0.61, 1.3 < 0.001 0.98 0.63, 1.3 < 0.001 1.1 0.01, 2.2 0.049
Subjective overuse 0.94 0.67, 1.2 < 0.001 0.88 0.60, 1.2 < 0.001 1.3 0.41, 2.2 0.004
Social obligations 1.1 0.82, 1.4 < 0.001 1.0 0.73, 1.4 < 0.001 1.6 0.44, 2.8 0.008
Source of concern 1.3 1.0, 1.6 < 0.001 1.4 1.0, 1.7 < 0.001 1.1 0.10, 2.0 0.031
Symptoms of depression (SMFQ)
Self-presentation 2.0 1.6, 2.5 < 0.001 2.2 1.7, 2.7 < 0.001 1.4 0.42, 2.4 0.006
Negative acts and exclusiona 2.2 1.6, 2.8 < 0.001 3.2 2.5, 3.9 < 0.001 1.2 −0.01, 2.3 0.052
Unwanted attention from others 1.2 0.79, 1.6 < 0.001 1.4 0.94, 1.9 < 0.001 1.1 −0.01, 2.2 0.052
Subjective overuse 1.2 0.92, 1.5 < 0.001 1.1 0.80, 1.4 < 0.001 1.6 0.89, 2.3 < 0.001
Social obligations 1.4 1.1, 1.8 < 0.001 1.4 1.0, 1.8 < 0.001 1.3 0.40, 2.1 0.004
Source of concern 1.4 1.1, 1.7 < 0.001 1.5 1.1, 1.8 < 0.001 0.72 −0.14, 1.6 0.10

1CI = Confidence Interval for Beta; aSignificant difference between sample without straightliners and straightliners only (p < 0.05).