Table 2.
Cluster means, standard errors, and analyses of variance in optimal functioning-related variables.
| Measure | Empowering (n = 283) | Disempowering (n = 140) | High mixed (n = 222) | Low mixed (n = 231) | F(3, 870) | η 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Task orientation | 4.50 | 0.03 | 4.09 | 0.04 | 4.52 | 0.03 | 4.24 | 0.03 | 38.51** | 0.117 |
| Ego orientation | 2.79 | 0.05 | 3.22 | 0.07 | 3.21 | 0.05 | 3.02 | 0.05 | 15.83** | 0.052 |
| Autonomous motivation | 4.76 | 0.34 | 4.19 | 0.60 | 4.66 | 0.42 | 4.40 | 0.59 | 54.94** | 0.159 |
| Controlled motivation | 1.56 | 0.69 | 2.67 | 0.96 | 1.99 | 0.94 | 1.90 | 0.77 | 54.27** | 0.158 |
| Amotivation | 1.38 | 0.60 | 2.52 | 0.97 | 1.70 | 0.84 | 1.75 | 0.78 | 67.86** | 0.190 |
| BPNS | 4.25 | 0.50 | 3.65 | 0.57 | 4.12 | 0.60 | 3.74 | 0.52 | 60.85** | 0.173 |
| BPNF | 1.69 | 0.58 | 2.83 | 0.74 | 2.30 | 0.77 | 2.38 | 0.73 | 93.29** | 0.243 |
| Vitality | 4.33 | 0.71 | 3.71 | 0.68 | 4.15 | 0.73 | 3.81 | 0.73 | 35.78** | 0.110 |
| Physical and emotional exhaustion | 1.44 | 0.56 | 2.11 | 0.90 | 1.79 | 0.78 | 1.83 | 0.70 | 30.34** | 0.095 |
**p < 0.01. BPNS, basic psychological needs satisfaction; BPNF, basic psychological needs frustration.