. 2025 Aug 8;15:29102. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-13306-7

Table 6.

Quantitative Validation of Simulink-Based WECS Model Against Benchmark Wind Turbine Performance Metrics.

Metric	Simulink Output	Benchmark Range	Validation Status	References
Cut-in speed	3 m/s	3.0–4.0 m/s	Matches range	Manwell et al²⁹.
Rated speed	9 m/s	9–11.0 m/s	Matches range	Hansen et al. (2004)²⁸
Cut-out speed	25 m/s	25 m/s (standard)	Exact match
Rated power output	10.0 kW	10.0 kW (benchmark)	Exact match
Power coefficient (Cp)	~ 0.41 (at λ = 8)	0.40–0.45	Acceptable range	Manwell et al²⁹.
Torque-speed relationship	Matches d-q theory curve	Matches the NREL baseline	Matches shape	Yang et al⁴⁶.