Table 7.

Results of OLS versus TSLS Estimation (2nd stage)

Estimation method	Ordinary least squares		Two-stage least squares
Dependent variable	Poor self-assessed health (PSAH)		Poor self-assessed health (PSAH)
Variables / samples	Adults with children	Adults without children	Adults with children	Adults without children
Logged real household income	−0.0113	−0.0195***	−0.0337	−0.0294
	(0.00727)	(0.00654)	(0.0311)	(0.0305)
Gender (male = 1)	0.00382	−0.00550	0.00480	−0.00521
	(0.00825)	(0.00862)	(0.00835)	(0.00866)
Age	0.000971	0.00143***	0.00107*	0.00147***
	(0.000593)	(0.000520)	(0.000608)	(0.000530)
Moderate or severe mental distress	0.0598***	0.0811***	0.0597***	0.0800***
	(0.00911)	(0.00973)	(0.00911)	(0.0103)
Moderate mental distress at an early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic	−0.0112	−0.0836***	−0.0169	−0.0830***
	(0.0161)	(0.0176)	(0.0178)	(0.0177)
Low health satisfaction	0.461***	0.513***	0.458***	0.512***
	(0.0182)	(0.0167)	(0.0187)	(0.0173)
Had or have severe COVID-19 symptom	−0.0245	−0.00697	−0.0272	−0.00800
	(0.0251)	(0.0281)	(0.0253)	(0.0282)
Sleep duration on weekdays		−0.00311		−0.00339
		(0.00417)		(0.00425)
Time trend	0.00451	−0.0722***	0.00950	−0.0622
	(0.00448)	(0.0250)	(0.00809)	(0.0390)
Time trend squared		0.0155***		0.0139**
		(0.00474)		(0.00672)
Constant	−0.00510	0.106**	0.0594	0.128
	(0.0351)	(0.0494)	(0.0938)	(0.0835)
N	2724	3263	2724	3263

Standard errors in parentheses. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1