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. 2025 Aug 10;15(8):e71894. doi: 10.1002/ece3.71894
Season/year Bird ID MCP (Ha) Kernel density estimate Autocorrelated kernel density estimates
95% kernel density (ha) 50% Kernel density (ha) 95% kernel density (ha) 50% Kernel density (ha)
Sept '22 F02 115.7 113.9 29.8 116.5 32.1
Sept '22 F08 26.9 43.2 10.3 9.1 2.2
Sept '22 F10 81.9 185 51.2 380.4 95.3
April '23 F11 11.1 67.4 16.5 67.8 16.7
April '23 F13 7.1 21.3 3.4 8.2 2.4
Sept '22 F16 21.1 18.2 3.6 11.7 2.4
Sept '22 F18 10.9 18.6 5 14.9 4.1
April '23 F20 19.2 19.5 5 16.9 4.5
Sept '23 F54 2.9 15.8 4.4 na na
Sept '23 F56 3.2 23.1 6.5 17.8 4.7
Sept '23 F58 16 60.1 16.1 na na
Sept '23 F60 11.6 42.6 9.8 47.5 12.5
Sept '23 F66&M67 24.8 3 0.8 na na
Sept '22 F75 56.5 59.7 15.2 18.1 4.6
Sept '22 F77 3.9 35.5 6.9 nil nil
Sept '22 F78 15.1 9.8 2.3 8 1.8
Sept '22 F79 8.4 15.3 3.1 na na
Sept '22 F81 60.9 52.6 8 27.8 4.3
April '23 M01 12.7 36.1 10 na na
April '23 M02 6.5 20.8 6.3 na na
April '23 M03 34.3 125.8 29 na na
April '23 M07 34.3 166.7 36.7 na na
April '23 M08 35.9 164.2 42 na na
Sept '23 M53 8.9 19.3 4.5 na na
Sept '23 M57 34.5 71.7 12.2 na na
Sept '23 M59 5.73 14.4 3.2 na na
Sept '23 M65 8.3 25.3 6.2 na na
Average 25.1 (SD = 19.8) 53.6 (SD = 51.5) 12.9 (SD = 13.1) 58.6 (SD = 74.5) 14.4 (SD = 18.7)

Note: As a comparison, Continuous Time Movement Models (CTMM) were also applied to estimate autocorrelated kernel density estimates (AKDEs). Variograms were fit for each individual and used to guide model selection. The best‐fitting models were then used to compute AKDEs using the ctmm package in R (Fleming and Calabrese 2022). In cases where sufficient location data were available, AKDE values aligned closely with 95% KDE estimates, supporting the robustness of the KDE‐based approach. AKDEs could not be computed for males due to limited datasets. Given data collection was not optimised for full home‐range delineation, MCPs were retained as the primary metric for defining used habitat. However, the CTMM results did highlight the potential for broader space use beyond observed locations, which helped guide the placement of paired ‘available’ habitat surveys outside likely use areas.