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. 2025 Aug 6;15(8):e093031. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-093031

Table 1. Sociodemographic and clinical profile of regular patients in 2021 (n=5365) aged 18+ with diabetes diagnosis and assessed for monitoring and control in 2022.

Variables Total Urban Inner regional Rural
(n=5365) (n=1680) (n=1462) (n=2223)
% (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI) % (95% CI)
Practice IRSAD quintiles
 Most advantaged 6.4 (4.0 to 10.2) 16.6 (11.0 to 24.1) 1.6 (0.7 to 3.4) 1.8 (0.3 to 10.3)
 High 9.4 (5.6 to 15.3) 16.5 (11.8 to 22.8) 3 (1.1 to 8.2) 7.9 (2.2 to 25.0)
 Middle 33.7 (19.4 to 51.8) 23.9 (16.0 to 34.1) 31.1 (18.1 to 48.0) 42.8 (16.3 to 74.3)
 Low 25.9 (18.1 to 35.5) 26.6 (18.7 to 36.4) 31.4 (20.9 to 44.2) 21.8 (9.9 to 41.6)
 Most disadvantaged 24.6 (16.5 to 35.1) 16.4 (10.1 to 25.5) 32.9 (21.2 to 47.1) 25.6 (12.1 to 46.4)
Gender
 Male 41.9 (40.3 to 43.6) 41.5 (38.9 to 44.1) 41.7 (38.7 to 44.8) 42.4 (40.0 to 44.9)
 Female 58.1 (56.4 to 59.7) 58.5 (55.9 to 61.1) 58.3 (55.2 to 61.3) 57.6 (55.1 to 60.0)
Age group
 18–34 11.3 (10.0 to 12.8) 14.2 (12.1 to 16.7) 11.6 (9.5 to 14.0) 9 (7.6 to 10.5)
 35–49 21.7 (20.2 to 23.2) 21.2 (19.1 to 23.4) 21.6 (19.1 to 24.4) 22.1 (19.8 to 24.6)
 50–64 36.8 (34.0 to 39.7) 34.8 (31.9 to 37.8) 34.3 (31.6 to 37.0) 40 (35.6 to 44.5)
 65–74 19.2 (17.5 to 21.0) 18.7 (16.5 to 21.1) 20.1 (17.9 to 22.5) 19.1 (16.0 to 22.6)
 75+ 11 (9.6 to 12.5) 11.1 (9.3 to 13.3) 12.4 (10.5 to 14.6) 9.9 (7.9 to 12.4)
IRSAD quintile
 Most advantaged 6.2 (4.2 to 9.3) 15 (10.8 to 20.5) 1.3 (0.6 to 3.0) 2.7 (0.8 to 8.6)
 High 10.2 (8.1 to 12.8) 18.3 (14.8 to 22.5) 5.1 (3.4 to 7.5) 7.3 (3.7 to 13.8)
 Middle 25.7 (19.5 to 33.0) 25.5 (20.4 to 31.3) 27.8 (18.2 to 39.9) 24.6 (13.1 to 41.4)
 Low 30.3 (24.9 to 36.4) 26.1 (20.7 to 32.3) 29.2 (20.7 to 39.5) 34.2 (22.8 to 47.7)
 Most disadvantaged 27.5 (23.0 to 32.6) 15.1 (10.6 to 21.0) 36.6 (27.7 to 46.6) 31.2 (22.9 to 41.0)
Smoking status
 Non-smoker 34.7 (32.8 to 36.6) 36.8 (33.9 to 39.8) 33.9 (30.0 to 38.1) 33.5 (31.0 to 36.0)
 Ex-smoker 31.9 (30.1 to 33.8) 30.3 (27.7 to 33.1) 34.2 (30.7 to 37.9) 31.7 (28.9 to 34.8)
 Smoker 30.2 (27.6 to 32.9) 28.1 (25.2 to 31.2) 29 (25.6 to 32.6) 32.5 (28.4 to 36.9)
 Not stated/not recorded 3.2 (2.2 to 4.6) 4.8 (2.9 to 7.6) 2.9 (1.8 to 4.7) 2.2 (1.2 to 4.1)
Cardiovascular disease*
 Yes 25.4 (22.6 to 28.5) 23.9 (21.4 to 26.5) 23.8 (21.0 to 26.8) 27.7 (22.8 to 33.2)
Chronic kidney disease
 Yes 15.3 (13.3 to 17.4) 12.5 (10.8 to 14.4) 15.3 (13.3 to 17.6) 17.4 (14.2 to 21.0)
*

Includes ischaemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease and aortic disease.

Regular patients: ≥3 consultations in 2020–2022, with at least one in each of these 3 years.

BMI, Body Mass Index; IRSAD, Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage.