Table 3.
Comorbidity incidence among the older population in India, 2011-12
| Sample Distribution | No Comorbidity | Comorbidity | Pearson Chi2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| 60–69 | 93.6 (12,347) | 6.4 (842) | 11.81** |
| 70–79 | 92.2 (5,688) | 7.8 (481) | |
| 80+ | 92.9 (2,381) | 7.1 (182) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 93.5 (9,940) | 6.6 (696) | 4.6* |
| Female | 92.8 (10,480) | 7.2 (809) | |
| Marital Status | |||
| Married | 93.1 (12,301) | 6.9 (912) | 0.58 |
| Widowed | 93.2 (7,613) | 6.8 (554) | |
| Others | 92.8 (506) | 7.2 (39) | |
| Educational Status | |||
| No Schooling | 95.1 (12,288) | 4.9 (630) | 228.8*** |
| Primary | 90.7 (2,093) | 9.3 (214) | |
| Middle | 91.3 (3,621) | 8.7 (345) | |
| Secondary | 87.5 (1,234) | 12.5 (176) | |
| Higher Secondary and above | 89.4 (1,183) | 10.6 (140) | |
| Caste | |||
| SC/ST | 95.8 (5,406) | 4.2 (236) | 113.3*** |
| OBC | 93.3 (8,891) | 6.7 (640) | |
| Others | 90.7 (6,124) | 9.3 (630) | |
| Religion | |||
| Hindu | 93.6 (17,227) | 6.4 (1,183) | 83.9*** |
| Muslim | 91 (1,940) | 9.1 (193) | |
| Others | 90.7 (1,253) | 9.3 (129) | |
| Consumption Tertiles | |||
| Bottom | 95.7 (7,909) | 4.3 (357) | 200.8*** |
| Middle | 93.3 (6,789) | 6.7 (489) | |
| Higher | 89.7 (5,711) | 10.4 (660) | |
| Chewing Tobacco | |||
| Never | 95.2 (2,219) | 4.8 (113) | 6.8* |
| Sometimes | 92.5 (507) | 7.5 (41) | |
| Daily | 95.8 (4,020) | 4.2 (175) | |
| Smoke Tobacco | |||
| Never | 94.6 (3,617) | 5.4 (208) | 26.7*** |
| Sometimes | 95.3 (710) | 4.7 (35) | |
| Daily | 96.5 (2,423) | 3.5 (87) | |
| Alcohol Consumption | |||
| Never | 95.5 (4,969) | 4.5 (236) | 0.55 |
| Sometimes | 95.1 (1,420) | 5 (74) | |
| Daily | 94.6 (359) | 5.4 (20) | |
| Living Arrangements | |||
| Living Alone/Spouse, No child/sibling | 92.4 (947) | 7.6 (89) | 4.2* |
| Living Alone/Spouse, child/sibling | 92.7 (9,927) | 7.3 (800) | |
| Living with children and Others | 93.6 (9,451) | 6.4 (712) | |
| Place of Residence | |||
| Rural | 94.8 (14,644) | 5.2 (799) | 224.8*** |
| Urban | 89.1 (5,776) | 10.9 (707) | |
| Region | |||
| North | 95 (3,014) | 5 (158) | 427.8*** |
| Central | 95.2 (4,500) | 4.8 (226) | |
| East | 94.6 (4,407) | 5.4 (250) | |
| Northeast | 97.2 (578) | 2.8 (17) | |
| West | 94.7 (3,055) | 5.3 (172) | |
| South | 87.7 (4,867) | 12.3 (683) |