Table 4.
Additional metrics used to evaluate learning curve (N=31)
| Study | Conversion to open access | Reopening for bleeding | Mortality | ICU LOS (hours) | Total hospital LOS (days) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Argenziano 2006 | 5/85 (6%) | 0 | 0 | 35.0 | 5.1 |
| Barac 2021 | 1/133 (1%) | 0 | 0 | NR | 5 |
| Bonaros 2006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26.0 | 8 |
| Bonatti 2009 | 7/25 (28%) in phase 1, 2/ 25 (8%) in phase 2, 1/25 (4%) in phase 3, and 1/25 (4%) in phase 4 |
4/ 25 (16%) in phase 1, 3/25 (12%) in phase 2, 1/25 (4%) in phase 3, and 0/ 25 (0%) in phase 4 |
0 | Phase 1 = 23, phase 2 = 20, phase 3 =20, phase 4 = 19 | Phase 1 = 7, phase 2 = 6, phase 3 =5, phase 4 = 6 |
| Bonatti 2004 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 24.0 | 8 |
| Bonatti 2008 | 9% | 5% | 0 | 19 | 6 |
| Cheng 2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Quintile 1 = 27.2 ± 20, quintile 2 = 25.4 ± 21 quintile 3 = 26.4 ± 20 | NR |
| ChitwoodJr 2005 | 0 | 2 | 1 | NR | 4.8 |
| ChitwoodJr 2001 | NR | NR | NR | 19.3 | 3.5 |
| Gao 2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | NR |
| Goodman 2017 | NR | 15 (3.7%) | 0 | 32 to 28 to 24 hours (13% and 25% decrease) | 5.2 to 4.5 to 3.8 days (13% and 27% decrease) |
| Gullu 2021 | 0 | 3.3% | 0 | 23.2 to 19.5 | NR |
| Hemli 2013 | 0 | NR | 0 | NR | NR |
| Isgro 2003 | NR | 0 | NR | NR | NR |
| Jones 2005 | 3 | 0 | 2 (6%) | NR |
first 12: 5.7 last 12: 4.8 last 5: 3.4 |
| Kakuta 2020 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 7 |
| Kesavuori 2018 | 14 (9.9%) | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (0.7%) | 24 | 7 |
| Klepper 2022 | 5 (2.2%) | NR | 0 | 57.6 | 7.9 |
| Masroor 2021 | 54 (4.5%) | NR | 10 (0.8%) | NR | 2 (0.2%) |
| Novick 2003 | 16 (17.8%) | 2 | 0 | 28.8 | 4 |
| Oehlinger 2007 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 7 |
| Patrick 2021 |
Group 1 (n=465): 36 (7.7) Group 2 (n=730): 18 (2.5) |
Group 1 (n=465): 88 (18.9%) Group 2 (n=730): 79 (10.8%) |
Group 1 (n=465): 5 Group 2 (n=730): 5 |
NR | NR |
| Ramzy 2014 | 1 | 7 | 0 | NR | 5.8 |
| Sagbas 2006 | 2 | 2 | NR | 29.3 | 8.1 |
| Schachner 2011 | 46 | NR | 2 (0.6%) | 20 | 6 |
| Schachner 2009 | 1 | NR | 0 | NR | 20 |
|
Seo 2019 (open vs robotic) |
NR | 4 vs. 3 | 7 vs. 1 | 144 vs. 84 | 9.9 vs. 6.5 |
| VandenEynde 2021 | NR | NR | 6 | NR | NR |
| Xiao 2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 12 |
| Yaffee 2014 | 0 | 0 | NR | NR | NR |
| Jonsson 2023 | 1.6% | 22 (2.2%) | 6 (0.6%) | 37.7 | 4.43 |
Charland 2011 excluded