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. 2025 Aug 11;15:29334. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-07711-1

Table 1.

The baseline information of included participants.

Characteristic Health pattern, N = 26,386 Moderate pattern, N = 235,875 Poor pattern, N = 63,252
Age
Mean (SD) 53.70 (8.38) 55.36 (8.04) 56.11 (7.90)
Sex
Female 14,538 (55.10%) 135,512 (57.45%) 29,790 (47.10%)
Male 11,848 (44.90%) 100,363 (42.55%) 33,462 (52.90%)
White ethnicity
No 1,429 (5.42%) 10,965 (4.65%) 4,057 (6.41%)
Yes 24,957 (94.58%) 224,910 (95.35%) 59,195 (93.59%)
University education
No 14,491 (54.92%) 141,423 (59.96%) 39,727 (62.81%)
Yes 11,895 (45.08%) 94,452 (40.04%) 23,525 (37.19%)
BMI
Mean (SD) 26.01 (4.16) 26.88 (4.55) 28.47 (5.09)
Smoking status
Never 17,143 (64.97%) 136,132 (57.71%) 31,752 (50.20%)
Previous 7,425 (28.14%) 78,763 (33.39%) 23,392 (36.98%)
Current 1,818 (6.89%) 20,980 (8.89%) 8,108 (12.82%)
Drinking status
Never 1,196 (4.53%) 8,401 (3.56%) 2,088 (3.30%)
Previous 864 (3.27%) 6,926 (2.94%) 1,939 (3.07%)
Current 24,326 (92.19%) 220,548 (93.50%) 59,225 (93.63%)
Physical activity
No 8,460 (32.06%) 89,624 (38.00%) 27,436 (43.38%)
Yes 17,926 (67.94%) 146,251 (62.00%) 35,816 (56.62%)
TDI
Mean (SD)  − 1.69 (2.87)  − 1.66 (2.89)  − 1.38 (3.06)
Sleep related medicine use
No 26,111 (98.96%) 230,396 (97.68%) 61,273 (96.87%)
Yes 275 (1.04%) 5,479 (2.32%) 1,979 (3.13%)
OA incidence
No 24,067 (91.21%) 208,234 (88.28%) 54,433 (86.06%)
Yes 2,319 (8.79%) 27,641 (11.72%) 8,819 (13.94%)

BMI, body mass index; OA, osteoarthritis; SD, standard deviation; TDI, Townsend deprivation index.