Table 4. Adverse effects and complications.

Complications	Group A (n=56)	Group B (n=35)	P value
Pneumothorax	16 (28.6)	11 (31.4)	0.77
Mild	13 (23.2)	9 (25.7)
Moderate	3 (5.4)	2 (5.7)
Severe	0 (0)	0 (0)
Intrapulmonary hemorrhage	11 (19.6)	15 (42.8)	0.02*
Mild	10 (17.9)	13 (37.1)
Moderate	1 (1.8)	2 (5.7)
Severe	0 (0)	0 (0)
Hemorrhage attributable to PB	8 (14.3)	11(31.4)
Hemorrhage attributable to MWA	3 (5.4)	4 (11.4)
Hemoptysis	12 (21.4)	9 (25.7)	0.64
Mild	10 (17.9)	6 (17.1)
Moderate	2 (3.6)	2 (5.7)
Severe	0 (0)	1 (2.9)
Hemothorax (chest tube)	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Pleural effusion	15 (26.8)	10 (28.6)	0.85
Mild ipsilateral pleural effusion	12 (21.4)	8 (22.9)
Mild bilateral pleural effusion	3 (5.4)	2 (5.7)
Pulmonary infection	6 (10.7)	5 (14.3)	0.61
Bronchopleural fistula	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Needle‑tract tumor seeding	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Subcutaneous emphysema	3 (5.4)	1 (2.9)	0.57
Mediastinal emphysema	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Side effects
Pain	16 (28.6)	11 (31.4)	0.77
Cough	14 (25.0)	9 (25.7)	0.94
Post-ablation syndrome	12 (21.4)	10 (28.6)	0.44
Post-ablation chronic pain syndrome	3 (5.4)	2 (5.7)	0.94

Data are presented as n (%). *, P<0.05. PB, percutaneous biopsy; MWA, microwave ablation.