Table 2.
Effect of Curcuma longa and Eucalyptus globulus on dyspnea
| Compound | Study design | Doses/Duration | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin | 60 mild/moderate bronchial asthma | 500 mg, 30 days, PO | ↑ Mean FEV1 values ↓ Airway obstruction |
(74) |
| Curcumin | 40 asthmatic participants | 750 mg, twice daily, two months, PO | ↑ FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio ↓ Neutrophil count |
(76) |
| Curcumin | 23 patients with chronic bronchial asthma | 750 mg, twice a day, 2 weeks, PO | ↑ FEV1, predicted FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF values ↓ IL-6 levels |
(77) |
| Curcuminoids | Male patients with chronic SM-induced pulmonary complications | 500 mg, TID, weeks, PO | ↑ FEV1/FVC ratio - FEV1 and FVC stayed similar between groups |
(78) |
| Nanocurcumin | 40 individuals with COVID-19 | 160 mg, 14 days, PO | ↓ IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression and secretion levels, fever, cough, dyspnea | (80) |
| Nanocurcumin | 60 mild/moderate COVID-19 participants |
40 mg, twice a day, 2 weeks, PO | ↑ Lymphocyte counts ↓ Respiratory symptoms (e.g., dyspnea) |
(81) |
| Nanocurcumin | 53 moderately obese menopause women | 40 mg capsules, twice a day, twice a week, 8 weeks, PO | ↑ Oxygen pulse and VO2max by both methods ↑ Muscular fitness↑ FVC ↑ Physical performance and cardiorespiratory fitness |
(82) |
| Curcumin | 4551 adults | Curcumin-rich curry consumption | - Non-linear correlations with variables like COPD prevalence and FEV1/height2 | (83) |
| E. globulus essential oil | 15 individuals with post-COVID syndrome | Nebulized three drops, twice/day, 4 weeks | ↓ Anxiety, back pain, dyspnea | (89) |
| Nebulized E. globulus solution | 70 intubated patients |
4 ml (5%) 3 times a day since intubation, 3 days | ↑ PaO2, SaO2 ↓ PIP |
(90) |
| Cineole | 242 stable COPD patients | 200 mg, PO, 3 times/day, 6 months | ↑ PFTs, quality of life ↓Severity, duration, and frequency of dyspnea |
(91) |
| Cineole | 247 asthmatic patients | 200 mg, PO, 3 times/day, 6 months, | ↑PFTs, quality of life ↓ Asthma symptoms, dyspnea |
(92) |
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; CRP: C-reactive protein; PFTs: Pulmonary function tests; FEV1: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC: Forced vital capacity; IL: Interleukin; PO: Per Os (by mouth); PaO2: Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PIP: Peak inspiratory pressure; SaO2: Arterial oxygen saturation; VO2: Oxygen consumption