Table 3.

Effect of Mentha piperita on dyspnea

Compound	Study design	Doses/Duration	Results	Ref.
M. piperita essential oil	12 healthy male students	0.05 ml, 10 days, PO	↑FVC, PEF, PIF, exhaustion, VO2, VCO2	(100)
L-menthol	11 normal participants	300 mg in 250 ml total respiratory space	↓ Respiratory discomfort, VAS values	(102)
L-menthol	64 patients	3 ml 1% l-menthol solution	↑ PEF ↓ Coughing and dyspnea	(103)
L-menthol	28 COPD patients	-	↓ Air hunger, anxiety, breathing discomfort, fear, and breathing effort	(104)
L-menthol	Chronic breathlessness syndrome	Circular patch with a diameter of 15 mm	↓ Dyspnea on exertion	(105)
L-menthol	13 male runners	0.01% solution, 25 ml	↑ Running time, breathing comfort, dyspnea threshold, endurance capacity	(106)

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FVC: Forced vital capacity; PO.: Per Os (by mouth); PaO₂: Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PEF: Peak expiratory flow; PIF: Peak inspiratory flow; VAS: Visual analog scale; VCO₂: Carbon dioxide production; VO₂: Oxygen consumption