Table 4.
Comparison between our model and reference models (mean ± STD). The bolded results were the best results obtained on the external validation. The symbol ‘*’ indicates that there is a significant difference between our model and the compared model under the paired t test on the corresponding metric (p-value ≤ 0.05), and the values in parentheses refer to Cohen’s d values between our model and the compared models
| Models | DSC (%) | HD95 | MIoU (%) | MPA (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SegNet | 80.49 ± 19.86 | 28.87 ± 29.13 | 75.4 ± 18.44 | 89.8 ± 10.47 |
| U-Net | 77.6 ± 19.78 | 30.21 ± 25.77 | 72.47 ± 19.74* | 89.58 ± 10.36 |
| Unet + + | 78.43 ± 19.05 | 28.55 ± 25.62 | 73.51 ± 19.01 | 89.03 ± 10.64 |
| AAU-Net | 75.69 ± 23.92*(0.269) | 36.04 ± 29.29 | 72.13 ± 21.05*(0.293) | 86.64 ± 12.92*(0.341) |
| CeNet | 74.25 ± 25.28*(0.301) | 32.72 ± 28.34 | 72.12 ± 20.32*(0.321) | 87.38 ± 12.25*(0.307) |
| Swin | 75.44 ± 21.71*(0.339) | 37.16 ± 33.63*(0.331) | 71.51 ± 20.06*(0.357) | 86.59 ± 11.93*(0.45) |
| DAE | 76.93 ± 21.51*(0.233) | 31.72 ± 28.99 | 73.07 ± 18.96*(0.261) | 87.97 ± 10.18*(0.25) |
| TransUnet | 78.25 ± 21.69 | 35.83 ± 32.25 | 73.81 ± 19.54 | 88.41 ± 11.1 |
| Deeplabv3 + | 74.36 ± 23.11*(0.453) | 38.54 ± 37.21*(0.271) | 70.55 ± 21.1*(0.54) | 85.71 ± 12.82*(0.6) |
| Our model | 80.56 ± 17.45 | 28.4 ± 26.65 | 76.01 ± 20.05 | 89.59 ± 9.61 |