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. 2025 Jul 29;16:1607903. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1607903

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Copyright © 2025 Zhang, Liu, Yang, Zhu, Yang, Li, Yan, Liu, Yue, Li, Li, Xu and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart for study selection process in research, with three phases: identification, screening, and inclusion. Initial identification sourced 6,802 Chinese and 5,555 English database entries, reduced to 7,576 after eliminating duplicates. Screening resulted in 233 entries. Final inclusion phase obtained 53 references, removing entries for irrelevance, reviews, age, case reports, animal tests, non-randomization, data extraction issues, and incomplete indicators. — Flowchart of study selection.