Table 2.
Results of network meta-analysis (Panel A).
| AP | 0.63 (−2.41,3.66) |
1.35 (−2.10,4.80) |
1.63 (−2.12,5.38) |
– | – | 1.55 (−2.06,5.15) |
3.17 (−0.30,6.64) |
1.16 (−2.42,4.74) |
1.83 (−1.41,5.08) |
1.61 (−2.45,5.67) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| −0.26 (−1.39,0.87) |
AC | 0.73 (−0.91,2.36) |
1.00 (−1.20,3.21) |
– | – | 0.92 (−1.02,2.87) |
2.54
(0.86,4.22) |
0.53 (−1.37,2.43) |
1.21
(0.05,2.36) |
0.99 (−1.71,3.68) |
| −0.39 (−2.26,1.48) |
−0.14 (−1.78,1.51) |
CBT | 0.28 (−1.55,2.11) |
– | – | 0.20 (−1.60,2.00) |
1.82 (−0.20,3.84) |
−0.19 (−1.70,1.32) |
0.48 (−0.68,1.64) |
0.26 (−1.88,2.40) |
| −1.79 (−5.02,1.44) |
−1.53 (−4.66,1.59) |
−1.40 (−4.80,2.00) |
SH | – | – | −0.08 (−2.13,1.97) |
1.54 (−0.96,4.04) |
−0.47 (−2.67,1.73) |
0.21 (−1.67,2.08) |
−0.02 (−2.83,2.80) |
| −1.40 (−3.44,0.65) |
−1.14 (−3.02,0.74) |
−1.00 (−3.43,1.42) |
0.39 (−3.01,3.80) |
rTMs | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| −0.36 (−3.02,2.31) |
−0.10 (−2.70,2.50) |
0.03 (−2.93,3.00) |
1.43 (−2.41,5.27) |
1.04 (−2.05,4.13) |
CUP | – | – | – | – | – |
| −1.38 (−3.23,0.48) |
−1.12 (−2.79,0.55) |
−0.98 (−3.12,1.15) |
0.41 (−2.23,3.06) |
0.02 (−2.13,2.17) |
−1.02 (−3.80,1.77) |
RT | 1.62 (−0.66,3.89) |
−0.39 (−2.34,1.56) |
0.29 (−1.28,1.85) |
0.06 (−2.73,2.86) |
| −0.81 (−1.76,0.13) |
−0.56 (−1.37,0.26) |
−0.42 (−2.09,1.25) |
0.98 (−2.17,4.12) |
0.58 (−1.36,2.53) |
−0.46 (−2.96,2.05) |
0.56 (−1.14,2.27) |
BZD | −2.01 (−4.25,0.23) |
−1.33 (−2.98,0.32) |
−1.56 (−4.50,1.39) |
| −1.00 (−2.98,0.98) |
−0.75 (−2.48,0.99) |
−0.61 (−2.51,1.29) |
0.79 (−2.46,4.04) |
0.39 (−2.02,2.81) |
−0.64 (−3.63,2.34) |
0.37 (−1.52,2.27) |
−0.19 (−2.01,1.63) |
NBZD | 0.68 (−0.83,2.18) |
0.45 (−2.17,3.07) |
|
−2.06
(−3.45,-0.68) |
−1.81
(−2.93,-0.68) |
−1.67 (−3.57,0.22) |
−0.27 (−3.32,2.78) |
−0.67 (−2.17,0.84) |
−1.71 (−4.41,0.99) |
−0.69 (−2.22,0.84) |
−1.25
(−2.48,-0.02) |
−1.06 (−2.95,0.83) |
PLA | −0.22 ( −2.66,2.21) |
| −2.71 (−4.94,-0.49) |
−2.46 (−4.58,-0.34) |
−2.32 (−4.87,0.22) |
−0.92 (−4.26,2.41) |
−1.32 (−3.96,1.32) |
−2.36 (−4.90,0.18) |
−1.34 (−3.38,0.70) |
−1.90 (−3.97,0.16) |
−1.71 (−4.20,0.78) |
−0.65 (−2.82,1.52) |
Wait List |
In panel A, the lower left corner shows the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the upper right corner displays Total Sleep Time (TST); AC, Acupuncture; CBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; AP, Acupressure/Massage; RT, Relaxation Therapy; CUP, Cupping Therapy; SH, Sleep Hygiene; rTMS, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; BZD, Benzodiazepines; NBZD, Non-Benzodiazepines; PLA, Placebo (sham acupuncture or sham treatment); Wait List, Waiting List. Bold values in tables indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05).