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. 2025 Jul 29;16:1607903. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1607903

Table 3.

Results of network meta-analysis (Panel B).

AP −0.52
(−1.09,0.06)
0.06
(−0.58,0.70)
−1.01
(−1.86,-0.17)
−0.51
(−1.44,0.42)
−0.40
(−1.15,0.35)
−10.09
(−11.80,-8.39)
0.01
(−0.80,0.82)
−0.58
(−1.15,-0.01)
−0.62
(−1.36,0.12)
−0.34
(−1.37,0.68)
AC 0.58
(0.06,1.10)
−0.50
(−1.26,0.26)
0.01
(−0.84,0.86)
0.12
(−0.53,0.77)
−9.58
(−11.18,-7.98)
0.52
(−0.19,1.24)
−0.07
(−0.50,0.37)
−0.10
(−0.74,0.54)
−0.70
(−1.72,0.31)
−0.36
(−0.83,0.11)
CBT −1.08
(−1.67,-0.49)
−0.57
(−1.36,0.22)
−0.46
(−0.97,0.05)
−10.16
(−11.84,-8.47)
−0.05
(−0.63,0.52)
−0.64
(−0.94,-0.35)
−0.68
(−1.06,-0.29)
0.64
(−0.57,1.85)
0.99
(0.18,1.80)
1.35
(0.65,2.05)
SH 0.51
(−0.46,1.47)
0.62
(−0.02,1.25)
−9.08
(−10.85,-7.31)
1.02
(0.21,1.83)
0.43
(−0.19,1.06)
0.40
(−0.29,1.08)
−0.15
(−1.51,1.22)
0.20
(−0.83,1.22)
0.55
(−0.46,1.57)
−0.79
(−2.00,0.41)
rTMs 0.11
(−0.77,0.99)
−9.58
(−11.40,-7.77)
0.52
(−0.41,1.45)
−0.07
(−0.80,0.66)
−0.11
(−0.97,0.76)
−0.18
(−1.24,0.88)
0.16
(−0.39,0.72)
0.52
(0.03,1.01)
−0.82
(−1.57,-0.08)
−0.03
(−1.09,1.02)
RT 9.70
(−11.43,-7.97)
0.41
(−0.33,1.14)
−0.18
(−0.67,0.30)
−0.22
(−0.80,0.36)
1.01
(−0.40,2.42)
1.35
(0.39,2.32)
1.71
(0.64,2.79)
0.36
(−0.90,1.62)
1.16
(−0.25,2.57)
1.19
(0.07,2.30)
BZD 10.10
(8.35,11.86)
9.51
(7.85,11.17)
9.48
(7.75,11.20)
−0.41
(−1.50,0.68)
−0.06
(−0.68,0.55)
0.29
(−0.21,0.79)
−1.05
(−1.90,-0.21)
−0.26
(−1.35,0.83)
−0.23
(−0.87,0.42)
−1.42
(−2.56,-0.27)
NBZD −0.59
(−1.17,-0.01)
−0.63
(−1.31,0.06)
0.02
(−0.94,0.99)
0.37
(0.02,0.72)
0.73
(0.42,1.03)
−0.62
(−1.35,0.11)
0.17
(−0.79,1.13)
0.20
(−0.23,0.63)
−0.99
(−2.02,0.04)
0.43
(−0.07,0.93)
PLA −0.04
(−0.50,0.43)
0.44
(−0.79,1.66)
0.78
(−0.04,1.61)
1.14
(0.46,1.82)
−0.21
(−1.18,0.77)
0.58
(−0.64,1.80)
0.62
(−0.22,1.45)
−0.57
(−1.84,0.70)
0.84
(0.00,1.69)
0.41
(−0.33,1.16)
Wait List

In panel B, the lower left corner indicates Sleep Efficiency (SE), while the upper right corner represents Sleep Latency (SL); AC, Acupuncture; CBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; AP, Acupressure/Massage; RT, Relaxation Therapy; CUP, Cupping Therapy; SH, Sleep Hygiene; rTMS, Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; BZD, Benzodiazepines; NBZD, Non-Benzodiazepines; PLA, Placebo (sham acupuncture or sham treatment); Wait List, Waiting List. Bold values in tables indicate statistically significant results (p < 0.05).