Table 2.

Summary of published identified and unidentified Borrelia species in different tick species in Iran.

Disease	Tick vector	Tick status in the field (Feeding or questing)	Borrelia species	Province	Laboratory method/Target gene	Accession Numbers	Ref.
Identified Borrelia species related to TBRF	O. tholozani	–	B. persica	Markazi	–	-	Moradi-Asl and Jafari, 2020
	O. tholozani	Questing and feeding on domestic animals	B. persica	Semnan	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Nekoui et al., 1999
	O. tartakovskyi	Questing in rodent burrows and bird nests	B. latyschewii	Khorasan-e Razavi	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Piazak et al., 2000
	O. tholozani	Questing in human dwelling and animal	B. persica	Hamedan	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Vatandoost et al., 2003
	O. tholozani	Questing in human dwelling, animal shelters	B. persica	Kurdistan	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Rafinejad et al., 2012
	O. tholozani	Questing in human dwelling and animal	B. persica	Qazvin	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Aghighi et al., 2007
	O. erraticus		B. microti			–
	O. tholozani	Questing in human dwelling, animal shelters, and rodent burrows	B. persica	Qazvin	PCR-RFLP/16S rRNA	EU914141	Barmaki et al., 2010
	O. erraticus	Feeding on rodents	B. microti	Alborz	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination, and PCR/16S rRNA, flaB, glpQ, and IGS	JF803950, JF825472, JF825473, and JQ436580	Naddaf et al., 2012
	O. tholozani	Questing in human dwelling, animal shelters	B. persica	Khorasan-e Razavi	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Shayeghi et al., 2016
	A. persicus	Questing in cracks of aviary	B. anserina	Lorestan	PCR/flaB	KY438930	Chegeni et al., 2017
	I. ricinus	Questing and feeding (camels, goats, donkeys, hedgehogs, sheep, rodents, horses, cattle, and dogs)	B. miyamotoi	Mazandaran	qPCR and PCR/16S rRNA, flaB, and rrs-rrlA	MN958345 to MN958348	Naddaf et al., 2020
	Rh. annulatus	Questing and feeding (dogs, sheep, cattle, and goats)	B. theileri	Mazandaran	qPCR and PCR/16S rRNA, flaB, and glpQ	OR037296-OR037302 for flaB and OR037292- OR037295 for glpQ	Milani et al., 2024
Identified Borrelia species related to LD	I. ricinus	Questing and feeding (camels, goats, donkeys, hedgehogs, sheep, rodents, horses, cattle, and dogs)	B. bavariensis, B. valaisiana, B. afzelii	Mazandaran	qPCR and PCR/16S rRNA, flaB, and rrs-rrlA	MN958342, MN958343, MN958344	Naddaf et al., 2020
	I. ricinus		B. garinii	Gilan		MN958341
Unidentified Borrelia species	O. tholozani	Questing in human dwelling, animal shelters, and rodent burrows	Borrelia spp.	Kurdistan	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Moemenbellah-Fard et al., 2009
	O.lahorensis, O.tholozani, and A. persicus	Questing	Borrelia spp.	Ardabil	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Arshi et al., 2002
	O. lahorensis	Questing in human dwelling, animal shelters, and rodent burrows	Borrelia spp.	Takistan/Qazvin	PCR-RFLP/16S rRNA	–	Barmaki et al., 2010
	O. tholozani	Questing in animal shelters	Q	Zanjan	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination	–	Mohammadi et al., 2013
	O. tholozani/eggs	Questing in animal dwelling	Borrelia spp.	Ardabil	Animal inoculation, microscopic examination and PCR/rrs-rrlA	–	Aghaei et al., 2014
	Rh. turanicus, and Rh. sanguineus	Questing and feeding (camels, goats, donkeys, hedgehogs, sheep, rodents, horses, cattle, and dogs)	Borrelia spp.	Golestan	qPCR and PCR/16S rRNA, flaB, and rrs-rrlA	MN958349 to MN958351	Naddaf et al., 2020
	Rh. sanguineus, H. asiaticumss, H.aegyptium, H. anatolicum	Feeding on sheep and goats	Borrelia spp.	West Azerbaijan	PCR/16srRNA, 5S-23SrRNA, and ospA	OQ073805.1, OR342388.1, OR352151.1, and OR345451.1.	Enferadi et al., 2024b
	Hyalomma aegyptium. and Rh. sanguineus	Feeding on rabbits and hedgehogs.	Borrelia spp.	Sistan and Baluchistan	PCR/5–23S rRNA	–	Sarani et al., 2024