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. 2025 Aug 5;49:101195. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2025.101195

Table 2.

Demographic distribution of the U.S. population stratified across the Environmental burden index quartiles.

Environmental burden module quartiles
Demographics All neighborhoods (N = 71,677) First (lowest) (N = 17.928) Second (N = 17,926) Third (N = 17,922) Fourth (highest) (N = 17,901) p value
Total population 320,286,908 81,322,605 83,492,777 81,067,500 74,404,026
Percent female Median (IQR) 50.90 (50.87–50.93) 50.61 (48.68–52.57) 50.82 (48.83–52.87) 51.13 (48.99–53.33) 51.10 (48.84–53.47) <0.001
Age
 Age 18–44 99,099,193 24,815,364 24,714,445 24,616,239 24,738,364 <0.001
 Median Percent 18–44 (Median IQR) 30.64 (18.70–48.90) 30.60 (18.32–49.19) 29.11 (17.90–46.48) 30.04 (18.44–47.71) 32.87 (20.20–52.18) <0.001
 Age 45–64 83,324,737 22,047,858 21,989,968 20,778,533 18,437,598 <0.001
 Median Percent 45–64 (Median IQR) 26.7 (22.9–30.1) 28.1 (24.4–31.5) 27.1 (23.4–30.4) 26.3 (22.6–29.6) 25.2 (21.6–28.7) <0.001
 Age ≥65 48,912,343 13,936,869 13,000,780 11,898,096 10,067,702 <0.001
 Median Percent ≥65 (Median IQR) 15.3 (11–19.6) 17.2 (12.6–22.2) 16.0 (11.8–20.0) 14.8 (10.8–18.7) 13.2 (9.5–17.4) <0.001
Race -No. (%)
 Whites 234,060,614 (79.36%) 65,776,628 (86.18%) 64,076,280 (82.19%) 57,261,788 (76.81%) 46,728,392 (71.10%) <0.001
 Blacks 40,860,717 (13.85%) 5,661,363 (7.41%) 9,005,144 (11.55%) 12,051,195 (16.16%) 14,017,833 (21.32%) <0.001
 American Indian or Alaskan Native 2,589,239 (0.87%) 1,116,294 (1.46%) 619,799 (0.79%) 460,745 (0.61%) 386,490 (0.58%) <0.001
 Asian 16,990,644 (5.76%) 3,646,036 (4.77%) 4,140,019 (5.31%) 4,670,156 (6.26%) 4,515,314 (6.86%) <0.001
 Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 430,518 (0.14%) 119,420 (0.15%) 113,407 (0.14%) 102,803 (0.14%) 93,750 (0.14%) <0.001
Ethnicity-No. (%)
 Hispanic No. (%) 57,316,166 (22.60%) 12,796,993 (18.52) 12,472,705 (18.36%) 13,683,251 (22.00%) 18,271,895 (33.6%) <0.001
 Non-hispanic No. (%) 196,407,478 (77.40%) 56,296,564 (81.48%) 55,450,401 (81.63%) 48,514,042 (78.00%) 35,983,554 (66.3%) <0.001
Lack of insurance
 Median (IQR) 9200 (6400–14000) 8100 (6000–12000) 8600 (6100–12800) 9100 (6400–13900) 11,400 (7500–17400) <0.001
Rurality No. (%)
 Urban neighborhoods 59,804 (83.4%) 13,010 (72.6%) 14,235 (79.4%) 15,702 (87.6%) 16,858 (94.2%) <0.001
 Rural neighborhoods 11,873 (16.6%) 4919 (27.4%) 3691 (20.6%) 2220 (12.4%) 1043 (5.8%) <0.001