Table III.
Crude and adjusted odds ratio of depression symptoms and its association with sociodemographic variables and physical, psychological, sexual, neglect and digital violence received in adolescents from southern Jalisco. ESMAV-Jalisco 2021 (n=3 046).
| Variable | Depression symptoms | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| % | OR crude ‡ (95% CI) | OR adjusted ¥ (95% CI) | |
|
| |||
| Sex | |||
| Men | 22.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Women | 34.0 | 1.8 (1.5–2.1)** | 1.7 (1.4–2.1)** |
|
| |||
| Age | |||
| 12 to 14 | 26.3 | ref. | ref. |
| 15 to 19 | 33.8 | 1.7 (1.4–2.0)** | 1.5 (1.2–1.8)** |
|
| |||
| Grade-point average | |||
| < 8.0 (ref.) | 38.0 | ref. | ref. |
| 8.0 to 8.9 | 30.0 | 0.7 (0.6–0.8)** | 0.8 (0.6–1.0)* |
| 9.0 to 10 | 22.0 | 0.5 (0.4–0.6)** | 0.6 (0.5–0.8)** |
|
| |||
| Job | |||
| No | 27.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 34.0 | 1.4 (1.2–1.7)** | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
|
| |||
| Social networks use | |||
| Never | 18.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Rarely/ocasional | 24.0 | 1.4 (1.0–2.0)* | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) |
| Frequent/very frequent | 32.0 | 2.1 (1.5–2.8)** | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) |
|
| |||
| Videogame use time | |||
| I don’t play | 29.0 | ref. | ref. |
| <1 hour per day | 25.0 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) |
| 1 hour per day | 23.0 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0)* | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
| 2 hours per day | 31.0 | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2)** |
| 3 hours per day | 28.0 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) |
| 4 hours per day | 41.0 | 1.8 (1.2–2.6)** | 2.3 (1.4–3.6)** |
| ≥5 hours per day | 49.0 | 2.4 (1.7–3.4)** | 2.7 (1.7–4.1)** |
|
| |||
| Father's education | |||
| Complete secondary school or less | 27.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Complete or incomplete high school | 28.0 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| College degree or more | 25.0 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) |
| I don’t know | 38.0 | 1.6 (1.2–2.2)** | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) |
| I donť have father | 43.0 | 2.0 (1.4–2.8)** | 1.5 (1.0–2.3)* |
|
| |||
| Mother's education | |||
| Complete secondary school or less | 29.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Complete or incomplete high school | 27.0 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| College degree or more | 29.3 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| I don’t know | 39.0 | 1.6(1.1–2.2)** | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) |
| I donť have mother | 13.0 | 0.4 (0.0–2.9) | 0.5 (0.1–4.3) |
|
| |||
| Family Affluence Scale ‡ | |||
| Low | 29.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Medium | 29.0 | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| High | 29.0 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) |
|
| |||
| Violence received | |||
| Physical | |||
| No | 20.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 39.0 | 2.7 (2.3–3.1)** | 1.3 (1.1–1.6)** |
|
| |||
| Psychological | |||
| No | 14.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 50.0 | 6.3 (5.3–7.5)** | 4.1 (3.4–5.1)** |
|
| |||
| Sexual | |||
| No | 27.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 64.0 | 4.7 (3.4–6.6)** | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) |
|
| |||
| Neglect | |||
| No | 23.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 40.0 | 2.3 (1.9–2.7)** | 1.6 (1.3–1.9)** |
|
| |||
| Digital | |||
| No | 25.0 | ref. | ref. |
| Yes | 59.0 | 4.3 (3.5–5.4)** | 2.0 (1.5–2.5)** |
OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence interval
‡
Logistic regression model
¥
Logistic regression model adjusted for all covariates
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01