Figure 5.

Effect of CGA on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The cells were treated with LPS (1 µg/mL) in the presence or absence of CGA at different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 µg/mL). “+” indicates the presence and “−” the absence of treatment. NO levels were measured using the Griess assay and expressed as a percentage relative to the LPS-treated control (CTRL Results are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 3). Significant differences versus CTRL: non-significant differences (ns, p > 0.05), and **** p < 0.0001.