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. 2025 Aug 1;14(15):2714. doi: 10.3390/foods14152714

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© 2025 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Response surfaces generated for disaccharides and FOS production by enzymatic extracts of P. kudriavzevii ITMLB97 (a) EE-Pk-Ch and (b) EE-Pk-NM and C. lusitaniae ITMLB85 (c) EE-Cl-Ch and (d) EE-Cl-NM. K = 1-kestose, B = blastose, Ib = inulobiose, 6K = 6-kestose, Lb = levanobiose, and nK = neo-kestose. The increase in disaccharides or FOS production varies depending on the enzyme extract used in the reaction. SR colors are associated with higher or lower disaccharides or FOS production. Production by colors, from lowest to highest, is described below: dark blue, light blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.

Response surfaces generated for disaccharides and FOS production by enzymatic extracts of P. kudriavzevii ITMLB97 (a) EE-Pk-Ch and (b) EE-Pk-NM and C. lusitaniae ITMLB85 (c) EE-Cl-Ch and (d) EE-Cl-NM. K = 1-kestose, B = blastose, Ib = inulobiose, 6K = 6-kestose, Lb = levanobiose, and nK = neo-kestose. The increase in disaccharides or FOS production varies depending on the enzyme extract used in the reaction. SR colors are associated with higher or lower disaccharides or FOS production. Production by colors, from lowest to highest, is described below: dark blue, light blue, green, yellow, orange, and red.