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. 2025 Aug 5;13(15):1902. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13151902

Table 2.

Relationship between knee osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and long-term physical activity in U.S. adults.

Variable Model 1 a Model 2 b
β 95% CI p β 95% CI p
Intercept 211.4 203.1, 219.7 <0.001 214.6 204.8, 224.4 <0.001
Time −0.11 −1.45, 0.67 0.708 −0.10 −0.52, 0.60 0.895
Knee OA versus control −9.44 −17.7, −1.09 0.027 −6.62 −15.4, −2.19 0.014
COPD versus knee OA −16.9 −26.7, −7.17 0.007 −11.2 −21.7, −0.67 0.037

Abbreviations: OA, osteoarthritis; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. a Model 1 adjusted for time, cohorts, age, sex, race, education, marital status, employment, and annual income. b Model 2 adjusted for Model 1 plus smoking, BMI, and comorbidities.