SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
HMOs	Human milk oligosaccharides
VOCs	Volatile organic compounds
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
TME	Tumor microenvironment
EBV	Epstein–Barr virus
HTLV	Human T cell lymphotropic virus
CRC	Colorectal cancer
TLRs	Toll-like receptors
BFT	Bacteroides fragilis toxin
NFκB	Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell
HDAC	Histone deacetylases
GC	Gastric cancer
CagAA	Cytotoxin-associated gene
VacA	Vacuolating cytotoxin A
CNS	Central nervous system
ICB	Immunological checkpoint blockade
NOCs	N-nitroso Compounds
DCA	Deoxycholic acid
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
TNFα	Necrosis Factor-alpha
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
STAT3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
PD-1	Programmed Cell Death Protein 1
CTLA-4	Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4
ALL	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
GALT	Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
LPS	Lipopolysaccharides
BBB	Blood-brain barrier
IL-10	Interleukin-10
HL	Hodgkin’s lymphoma
NHL	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
NCC	Neural crest cells
NB	Neuroblastoma
IgA	immunoglobulin A
HAIs	Hospital-associated infections
GOS	Galactooligosaccharides
FOS	Fructooligosaccharides
IMCT	Intensive multi-modal clinical therapy
INRGSS	International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging System
INSS	International Neuroblastoma Staging System
DC	Dendritic cell
MHC-I	Major histocompatibility complex class I
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma
NKG2D	Natural killer group 2 member D
GWAS	Genome-wide association study
SNPs	Single nucleotide polymorphisms
MR	Mendelian randomization
LCA	Lithocholic acid
DCA	Deoxycholic acid
UDC	Ursodeoxycholic acid
CTX	Cyclophosphamide
TAC	Tumor-associated cachexia
COG	Children’s Oncology Group
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein