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. 2025 Jul 30;14(15):2685. doi: 10.3390/foods14152685

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© 2025 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of apple (A) and Korean green chili pepper (B) extracts on luciferase reporter activity in HCT116-ARE cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Asterisks and hash symbols denote statistically significant differences compared to the vehicle (p < 0.05, *; compared to vehicle control, #; compared to organic extract, ns = no significant difference). Organic: organically cultivated, DSWM: organically cultivated with mineral supplementation.