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. 2025 Jul 28;26(15):7301. doi: 10.3390/ijms26157301
BMB Bone Marrow Barrier
BMECs Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells
BMSCs Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
MM Multiple Myeloma
AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia
IL Interleukin
TNF Tumor Necrosis Factor
ICAM Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule
VCAM-1 Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
VLA-4 Very Late Antigen-4
BM Bone Marrow
VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Ang Angiopoietin
NO Nitric Oxide
iNOS inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
eNOS endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase
MMPs Matrix Metalloproteinases
EC Extracellular Matrix
EMM Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma
MGUS Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
SMM Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
CyPA Cyclophilin A
siRNA Small Interfering RNA
AURKA Aurora Kinase A
EMT Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Syk Spleen Tyrosine Kinase
MadCAM-1 Mucosal Vascular Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
CAM-DR Cell-Adhesion-Mediated Drug Resistance
SDF-1α Stromal-Cell-Derived Factor 1α
PPARβ/δ Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ
PGI2 Prostacyclin I2
EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
HB-EGF Heparin-Binding EGF-like Growth Factor
IGF-1 Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
Epo Erythropoietin
MRD Minimal Residual Disease
NGS Next-Generation Sequencing
MFC Multiparameter Flow Cytometry
EVs Extracellular Vesicles
miRNA microRNA
CAR-T Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T